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. 2021 Jan 29:115:e200313.
doi: 10.1590/0074-02760200313. eCollection 2021.

Spatiotemporal multiple insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti populations in French Guiana: need for alternative vector control

Amandine Guidez  1 , Nicolas Pocquet  2   3 , Johana Restrepo  1 , Luana Mathieu  1 , Pascal Gaborit  1 , Jean Issaly  1 , Romuald Carinci  1 , Fabrice Chandre  2 , Yanouk Epelboin  1 , Girod Romain  1   4 , Isabelle Dusfour  1   5
Affiliations

Spatiotemporal multiple insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti populations in French Guiana: need for alternative vector control

Amandine Guidez et al. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. .

Abstract

Background: Aedes aegypti is the sole vector of urban arboviruses in French Guiana. Overtime, the species has been responsible for the transmission of viruses during yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya and Zika outbreaks. Decades of vector control have produced resistant populations to deltamethrin, the sole molecule available to control adult mosquitoes in this French Territory.

Objectives: Our surveillance aimed to provide public health authorities with data on insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti populations and other species of interest in French Guiana. Monitoring resistance to the insecticide used for vector control and to other molecule is a key component to develop an insecticide resistance management plan.

Methods: In 2009, we started to monitor resistance phenotypes to deltamethrin and target-site mechanisms in Ae. aegypti populations across the territory using the WHO impregnated paper test and allelic discrimination assay.

Findings: Eight years surveillance revealed well-installed resistance and the dramatic increase of alleles on the sodium voltage-gated gene, known to confer resistance to pyrethroids (PY). In addition, we observed that populations were resistant to malathion (organophosphorous, OP) and alpha-cypermethrin (PY). Some resistance was also detected to molecules from the carbamate family. Finally, those populations somehow recovered susceptibility against fenitrothion (OP). In addition, other species distributed in urban areas revealed to be also resistant to pyrethroids.

Conclusion: The resistance level can jeopardize the efficiency of chemical adult control in absence of other alternatives and conducts to strongly rely on larval control measures to reduce mosquito burden. Vector control strategies need to evolve to maintain or regain efficacy during epidemics.

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Figures

Fig. 1:
Fig. 1:. spatiotemporal distribution of knockdown effect (% 1 h KD) and mortalities (% 24 h M) in Aedes aegypti population against deltamethrin impregnated paper at 0.06%. Each section of pie charts represents the year, the inner circle showing the knockdown effect and the outer circle mortalities. Percent ranges are represented by a gradient of color. Mortality and KD are represented by colours along with the WHO threshold. From West to East: MPS: Maripasoula; LOK: Loka; APA: Apatou; SLM: Saint Laurent du Maroni; MAN: Mana; SSA: Saut Sabbat; KOU: Kourou; IDS: Iles du Salut; MAI: Matiti; CAY: Cayenne; REM: Rémire-Montjoly; MAT: Matoury; CAC: Cacao; REG: Régina; SGO: Saint Georges de l’Oyapock. Further details are presented in Supplementary data (Table II).
Fig. 2:
Fig. 2:. frequencies of resistant alleles at 1534 (C) and 1016 (I) loci separately and combined (IC), per year and per site. MPS: Maripasoula; APA: Apatou; SLM: Saint Laurent du Maroni; SSA: Saut Sabbat; KOU: Kourou; IDS: Iles du Salut; CAY: Cayenne; SGO: Saint Georges de l’Oyapock.
Fig. 3:
Fig. 3:. frequencies of combined genotypes at 1534 and 1016 loci, per year and per site. MPS: Maripasoula; APA: Apatou; SLM: Saint Laurent du Maroni; SSA: Saut Sabbat; KOU: Kourou; IDS: Iles du Salut; CAY: Cayenne; SGO: Saint Georges de l’Oyapock. CCII: homozygous mutant CC1534/homozygous mutant II1016; CCVV: homozygous mutant CC1534/wild-type VV1016; FCVI: heterozygous FC1534/heterozygous VI1016; FFVI: wild-type FF1534/heterozygous VI1016; CCVI: homozygous mutant CC1534/heterozygous VI1016; FCII: heterozygous FC1534/homozygous mutant II1016; FCVV: heterozygous FC1534/wild-type VV1016; FFVV: wild-type FF1534/wild-type VV1016.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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