Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Meta-Analysis
. 2021;39(6):634-645.
doi: 10.1159/000514953. Epub 2021 Feb 3.

NASH/Liver Fibrosis Prevalence and Incidence of Nonliver Comorbidities among People with NAFLD and Incidence of NAFLD by Metabolic Comorbidities: Lessons from South Korea

Jiyoon Park  1 , Eunice Yewon Lee  2 , Jie Li  3 , Mi Jung Jun  4 , Eileen Yoon  5 , Sang Bong Ahn  6 , Chuanli Liu  3 , Hongli Yang  3 , Fajuan Rui  3 , Biyao Zou  2 , Linda Henry  2 , Dong Hyun Lee  4 , Dae Won Jun  7 , Ramsey C Cheung  2   8 , Mindie H Nguyen  2
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

NASH/Liver Fibrosis Prevalence and Incidence of Nonliver Comorbidities among People with NAFLD and Incidence of NAFLD by Metabolic Comorbidities: Lessons from South Korea

Jiyoon Park et al. Dig Dis. 2021.

Abstract

Background: NAFLD incidence, NASH prevalence, NAFLD fibrosis prevalence, incidence of metabolic comorbidities, and mortality data in the NAFLD population remain limited.

Aims: We used a meta-analytic approach to "stage" NAFLD among the Korean population.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed from inception until June 29, 2019, and calculated pooled estimates via the random-effects model.

Results: We screened 1,485 studies and analyzed 191 eligible studies: 179 (3,556,579 participants) for NAFLD prevalence and outcome analysis and 32 (1,089,785 participants) for NAFLD incidence analysis. NAFLD prevalence was 31.46% overall and 50-60% in those with metabolic risks. The incidence (per 1,000 person-years) of NAFLD was 42.8 overall and 70-77% in those with metabolic risk. The incidence (per 1,000 person-years) of new-onset T2DM, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease was found to be 16.9, 47.9, 100.6, and 13.9, respectively. From biopsy data, 30.21% of the NAFLD population had moderate-to-severe steatosis (9 studies, 2,461 participants) and 52.27% had NASH (7 studies, 1,168 participants) and 85.41% had fibrosis <stage 2 (8 studies, 1,995 participants). All-cause mortality was 2.6 (1.3 if without malignancy) per 1,000 person-years.

Conclusions: The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 31.46% with an incidence rate of 42.8 per 1,000 person-years. NASH prevalence was 52% but <15% had significant fibrosis. The prevalence and incidence of nonliver comorbidities was high especially for cardiovascular disease incidence. The burden of NAFLD is high in Korea. Health policy efforts need to be directed towards reversing the course of NAFLD disease.

Keywords: Diabetes; Epidemiology; Fatty liver; Metabolic syndrome; Mortality; Obesity.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

R.C.: research support (Gilead). M.H.N.: research support (Enanta, Gilead, and Pfizer) and consultant and/or an advisory board member (Intercept and Gilead). All other authors have nothing to disclose.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Study selection. *Subgroup analysis. †Some of the included studies provided data for more than one of the planned analyses. Therefore, these studies were used more than once, resulting in a higher number of study count. ‡Cardiovascular disease includes all clinical cardiovascular disease events such as myocardial infarction, angina, ischemic stroke, and coronary revascularization. NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Pagano G, Pacini G, Musso G, Gambino R, Mecca F, Depetris N, et al. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome: further evidence for an etiologic association. Hepatology. 2002;35((2)):367–72. - PubMed
    1. Lee K, Sung JA, Kim JS, Park TJ. The roles of obesity and gender on the relationship between metabolic risk factors and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Koreans. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2009;25((2)):150–5. - PubMed
    1. Li J, Zou B, Yeo YH, Feng Y, Xie X, Lee DH, et al. Prevalence, incidence, and outcome of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Asia, 1999–2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;4((5)):389–98. - PubMed
    1. Younossi ZM, Koenig AB, Abdelatif D, Fazel Y, Henry L, Wymer M. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology. 2016;64((1)):73–84. - PubMed
    1. Goldberg D, Ditah IC, Saeian K, Lalehzari M, Aronsohn A, Gorospe EC, et al. Changes in the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and alcoholic liver disease among patients with cirrhosis or liver failure on the waitlist for liver transplantation. Gastroenterology. 2017;152((5)):1090–9.e1. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types