Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2021 Feb 1;57(2):125.
doi: 10.3390/medicina57020125.

Traumatic Epidural and Subdural Hematoma: Epidemiology, Outcome, and Dating

Mariarosaria Aromatario  1 , Alessandra Torsello  2 , Stefano D'Errico  3 , Giuseppe Bertozzi  2 , Francesco Sessa  2 , Luigi Cipolloni  2 , Benedetta Baldari  4
Affiliations
Review

Traumatic Epidural and Subdural Hematoma: Epidemiology, Outcome, and Dating

Mariarosaria Aromatario et al. Medicina (Kaunas). .

Abstract

Epidural hematomas (EDHs) and subdural hematomas (SDHs), or so-called extra-axial bleedings, are common clinical entities after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). A forensic pathologist often analyzes cases of traumatic EDHs or SDHs due to road accidents, suicides, homicides, assaults, domestic or on-the-job accidents, and even in a medical responsibility scenario. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the published data in the medical literature, useful to forensic pathologists. We mainly focused on the data from the last 15 years, and considered the most updated protocols and diagnostic-therapeutic tools. This study reviews the epidemiology, outcome, and dating of extra-axial hematomas in the adult population; studies on the controversial interdural hematoma are also included.

Keywords: epidural hematoma; forensic histopathology; interdural hematoma; subdural hematoma.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

    1. Coronado V.G., Xu L., Basavaraju S.V., McGuire L.C., Wald M.M., Faul M.D., Guzman B.R., Hemphill J.D. Surveillance for traumatic brain injury-related deaths—United States, 1997–2007. MMWR Surveill. Summ. 2011;60:1–32. - PubMed
    1. Werner C., Engelhard K. Pathohysiology of traumatic brain injury. Br. J. Anaesth. 2007;99:4–9. doi: 10.1093/bja/aem131. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Jennett B., Bond M.R. Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage. Lancet. 1975;1:480–484. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(75)92830-5. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Khan B., Afridi E.A.K., Khan B., Khan S.A., Aurangzeb A., Khan A.A., Khan W. Decompressive Craniectomy For Acute Subdural Haematoma With Expansile Duraplasty Versus Dural-Slits. J. Ayub Med. Coll. Abbottabad. 2016;28:285–288. - PubMed
    1. Bhat A.R., Kirmani A.R., Wani M.A. Decompressive craniectomy with multi-dural stabs—A combined (SKIMS) technique to evacuate acute subdural hematoma with underlying severe traumatic brain edema. Asian J. Neurosurg. 2013;8:15–20. doi: 10.4103/1793-5482.110275. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources