Impact of the 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol Concentration and Vitamin D Deficiency Treatment on Changes in the Bone Level at the Implant Site during the Process of Osseointegration: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial

Abstract

Introduction: The most important factor which is responsible for the positive course of implant treatment is the process of osseointegration between the implant structure and the host's bone tissue. The aim of this study was to assess what effect the 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentration and vitamin D deficiency treatment have on changes in the bone level at the implant site during the process of osseointegration in the mandible.

Materials and methods: The study was with 122 people qualified for implant surgery, who were assigned to three research groups (A, B, and C). Laboratory, clinical, and radiological tests were performed on the day of surgery, and after 6 and 12 weeks. The bone level in the immediate proximity of the implant was determined by radiovisiography (RVG).

Results: The bone level after 12 weeks in Groups B and C was significantly higher than after 6 weeks. The bone level in the study Group B was significantly higher than in Group A. The study showed that the higher the levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol were observed on the day of surgery, the higher was the level of bone surrounding the implant after 6 and 12 after surgery.

Conclusion: The correct level of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on the day of surgery and vitamin D deficiency treatment significantly increase the bone level at the implant site in the process of radiologically assessed osseointegration.

Keywords: 25-hydroxycholecalciferol; bone regeneration; dental implants; oral surgery; osseointegration; vitamin D.

Figure 1

RVG images taken with the long cone paralleling technique using a positioner.

Figure 2

Measurements of bone loss in the proximity of the implant (DIS, dental image software).

Figure 3

Measurements of bone growth in the proximity of the implant (DIS, dental image software).

Figure 4

Measurements of bone growth in the proximity of the implant (DIS, dental image software). (A) On the day of surgery; (B) after 6 weeks; (C) after 12 weeks, in study groups.