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. 2021 Feb 3;14(4):710.
doi: 10.3390/ma14040710.

Analysis of the New Forming Process of Medical Screws with a Cylindrical Head of 316 LVM Steel

Anna Dziubińska  1 , Piotr Surdacki  1 , Grzegorz Winiarski  1 , Tomasz Bulzak  1 , Krzysztof Majerski  1 , Mariusz Piasta  2
Affiliations

Analysis of the New Forming Process of Medical Screws with a Cylindrical Head of 316 LVM Steel

Anna Dziubińska et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

The originality of this paper lies in the presentation of a new, innovative method for manufacturing medical screws with a cylindrical head of 316 LVM. This method is unique on a global scale, and its assumptions have been granted patent protection. The paper presents selected results of theoretical and experimental research on the developed process of forming of medical screws based on new technology. In the first part of the study a review of the types of screws used in the medical industry is made and the previous methods of their manufacture are described. The second part of the paper presents the assumptions and analysis of the elaborated process of metal forming of medical screws with a cylindrical head and ring thread made of 316 LVM austenitic steel. The theoretical analysis of the new process of forming a screw selected for testing was performed on the basis of numerical simulations. The experimental verification of the proposed theoretical solutions was carried out on the basis of laboratory tests, industrial research and qualitative research. The positive results obtained from computer simulations and experiments confirmed the effectiveness of the developed technology and the validity of its use in future in industrial practice.

Keywords: 316 LVM austenitic steel; computer simulations; industrial research; medical screws; metal forming.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Types of bone screws made of 316 LVM steel by cavity treatment: cortical (a), cubic (b), spongy (c), cannulated (d), boat-shaped (e), for small bones (f), blocking (g), knee interference (h).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Medical screw with cylindrical head of 316 LVM steel used in medicine.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Geometric model of the screw ring thread rolling process.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Device (a) and set of dies (b) for ring thread rolling of screw forgings.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Set of dies for forging cylinder heads of medical screw forgings (a) and formed preform with a forged head of 316 LVM steel (b).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Metallographic specimens made on longitudinal cross-sections: (a) wire (raw material), (b) screws.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Geometry of the forging of a medical screw made of 316 LVM steel in individual stages of forming: (a) wire tip upsetting; (b) flashless forging of the head of the screw; (c) thread rolling.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Distribution of the intensity of strain (a) and Cockroft–Latham damage parameter (b) in the preform of the screw.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Distribution of stress in ring thread of the screw.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Distribution of intensity of strains in ring thread of the screw.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Distribution of damage in ring thread of the screw.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Forging of a screw with a ring thread of 316 LVM steel.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Forming force distributions during wire tip upsetting, measured experimentally and simulated.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Forming force distributions during flashless forging of the head of the screw, measured experimentally and simulated.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Forming force distributions during thread rolling, measured experimentally and simulated.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Microstructure of drawn wire (raw material): 1—annealing twins.
Figure 17
Figure 17
Cross-section of rolled screw after etching process: 1—the area of the frontal surface of the head; 2—the area of the radius between the frontal and side surfaces of the head, 3—central head area; 4—the area of the radius between the side surface and the bottom surface of the head; —the centre of the threaded part of the screw; 6—thread hump area.
Figure 18
Figure 18
Screw microstructure, area 1.
Figure 19
Figure 19
Screw microstructure, area 2.
Figure 20
Figure 20
Screw microstructure, area 3.
Figure 21
Figure 21
Screw microstructure, area 4.
Figure 22
Figure 22
Screw microstructure, area 5.
Figure 23
Figure 23
Screw microstructure, area 6.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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