Medicine at mass gatherings: current progress of preparedness of emergency medical services and disaster medical response during 2020 Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games from the perspective of the Academic Consortium (AC2020)

Naoto Morimura^{1

2}, Yasumitsu Mizobata³, Manabu Sugita¹, Satoshi Takeda^{4

5}, Tetsuro Kiyozumi⁴, Tomohisa Shoko⁴, Yoshiaki Inoue⁴, Yasuhiro Otomo^{2

6}, Atsushi Sakurai⁷, Yuichi Koido⁸, Seizan Tanabe⁸, Tetsu Okumura⁹, Fumihiro Yamasawa¹⁰, Hideharu Tanaka⁵, Tomoya Kinoshi¹¹, Koki Kaku¹², Kiyoshi Matsuda¹³, Nobuya Kitamura¹⁴, Tatsuya Hayakawa¹⁴, Yasuhiro Kuroda^{7

15}, Yumiko Kuroki⁹, Junichi Sasaki^{16

17}, Jun Oda¹⁶, Masataka Inokuchi¹⁸, Toru Kakuta¹⁸, Satoru Arai¹⁸, Noriaki Sato¹⁹, Hiroyuki Matsuura²⁰, Masahiro Nozawa²⁰, Toshio Osamura²⁰, Kazunori Yamashita¹⁵, Hiroshi Okudera¹¹, Akihiko Kawana¹⁷, Tsugumichi Koshinaga²¹, Satoshi Hirano²¹, Erisa Sugawara¹², Michihiro Kamata²², Yasuhito Tajiri²², Mototsugu Kohno²³, Michiyasu Suzuki²⁴, Hiroyuki Nakase²⁴, Eiichi Suehiro²⁴, Hiroaki Yamase²⁵, Hiroshi Otake²⁶, Hiroshi Morisaki²⁶, Akiko Ozawa²⁶, Sho Takahashi²⁷, Kotaro Otsuka²⁸, Kiyokazu Harikae¹³, Kazuo Kishi²⁸, Hiroshi Mizuno²⁸, Hideaki Nakajima²⁹, Hiroki Ueta²⁹, Masao Nagayama³⁰, Migaku Kikuchi³⁰, Hiroyuki Yokota², Takeshi Shimazu¹, Tetsuo Yukioka¹; Joint Committee of the Academic Consortium on Emergency Medical Services, Disaster Medical Response Plan during the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2020 (AC2020)

Affiliations

¹ Japanese Association for Acute Medicine Tokyo Japan.
² The Scientific Research Group of Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan Tokyo Japan.
³ Japanese Society for Emergency Medicine Tokyo Japan.
⁴ The Education and Training Working Group of AC2020 Tokyo Japan.
⁵ AED Foundation of Japan Tokyo Japan.
⁶ Japanese Association for the Surgery of Trauma Tokyo Japan.
⁷ Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine Tokyo Japan.
⁸ Japanese Association for Disaster Medicine Tokyo Japan.
⁹ Japanese Society for Clinical Toxicology Tokyo Japan.
¹⁰ Japanese Society of Clinical Sports Medicine Tokyo Japan.
¹¹ Japanese Association of First Aid and Emergency Medicine Kyoto Japan.
¹² Japanese Society for Infection Prevention and Control Tokyo Japan.
¹³ Japan Prehospital Trauma Evaluation and Care Council Tokyo Japan.
¹⁴ Japanese Society for Aeromedical Services Tokyo Japan.
¹⁵ Japanese Society of Reanimatology Ube Japan.
¹⁶ Japanese Society for Burn Injuries Tokyo Japan.
¹⁷ Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases Tokyo Japan.
¹⁸ Tokyo Medical Association Tokyo Japan.
¹⁹ Japanese Association for Emergency Nursing Tokyo Japan.
²⁰ Japan Pediatric Society Tokyo Japan.
²¹ Japan Surgical Society Tokyo Japan.
²² Japanese Orthopaedic Association Tokyo Japan.
²³ Japanese Society for Prehospital Medicine Tokyo Japan.
²⁴ Japan Society of Neurotraumatology Tokyo Japan.
²⁵ Japan Academy of Critical Care Nursing Tokyo Japan.
²⁶ Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists Kobe Japan.
²⁷ Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology Tokyo Japan.
²⁸ Japan Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Tokyo Japan.
²⁹ Japan EMT School Association Kyoto Japan.
³⁰ Japan Resuscitation Council Tokyo Japan.

PMID: 33552526
PMCID: PMC7852170
DOI: 10.1002/ams2.626

Review

Medicine at mass gatherings: current progress of preparedness of emergency medical services and disaster medical response during 2020 Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games from the perspective of the Academic Consortium (AC2020)

Naoto Morimura et al. Acute Med Surg. 2021.

. 2021 Feb 2;8(1):e626.

doi: 10.1002/ams2.626. eCollection 2021 Jan-Dec.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Japanese Association for Acute Medicine Tokyo Japan.
² The Scientific Research Group of Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan Tokyo Japan.
³ Japanese Society for Emergency Medicine Tokyo Japan.
⁴ The Education and Training Working Group of AC2020 Tokyo Japan.
⁵ AED Foundation of Japan Tokyo Japan.
⁶ Japanese Association for the Surgery of Trauma Tokyo Japan.
⁷ Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine Tokyo Japan.
⁸ Japanese Association for Disaster Medicine Tokyo Japan.
⁹ Japanese Society for Clinical Toxicology Tokyo Japan.
¹⁰ Japanese Society of Clinical Sports Medicine Tokyo Japan.
¹¹ Japanese Association of First Aid and Emergency Medicine Kyoto Japan.
¹² Japanese Society for Infection Prevention and Control Tokyo Japan.
¹³ Japan Prehospital Trauma Evaluation and Care Council Tokyo Japan.
¹⁴ Japanese Society for Aeromedical Services Tokyo Japan.
¹⁵ Japanese Society of Reanimatology Ube Japan.
¹⁶ Japanese Society for Burn Injuries Tokyo Japan.
¹⁷ Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases Tokyo Japan.
¹⁸ Tokyo Medical Association Tokyo Japan.
¹⁹ Japanese Association for Emergency Nursing Tokyo Japan.
²⁰ Japan Pediatric Society Tokyo Japan.
²¹ Japan Surgical Society Tokyo Japan.
²² Japanese Orthopaedic Association Tokyo Japan.
²³ Japanese Society for Prehospital Medicine Tokyo Japan.
²⁴ Japan Society of Neurotraumatology Tokyo Japan.
²⁵ Japan Academy of Critical Care Nursing Tokyo Japan.
²⁶ Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists Kobe Japan.
²⁷ Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology Tokyo Japan.
²⁸ Japan Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Tokyo Japan.
²⁹ Japan EMT School Association Kyoto Japan.
³⁰ Japan Resuscitation Council Tokyo Japan.

PMID: 33552526
PMCID: PMC7852170
DOI: 10.1002/ams2.626

Abstract

Mass gatherings are events characterized by "the concentration of people at a specific location for a specific purpose over a set period of time that have the potential to strain the planning and response resources of the host country or community." Previous reports showed that, as a result of the concentration of people in the limited area, injury and illness occurred due to several factors. The response plan should aim to provide timely medical care to the patients and to reduce the burden on emergency hospitals, and to maintain a daily emergency medical services system for residents of the local area. Although a mass gathering event will place a significant burden on the local health-care system, it can provide the opportunity for long-term benefits of public health-care and improvement of daily medical service systems after the end of the event. The next Olympic and Paralympic Games will be held in Tokyo, during which mass gatherings will occur on a daily basis in the context of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic. The Academic Consortium on Emergency Medical Services and Disaster Medical Response Plan during the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2020 (AC2020) was launched 2016, consisting of 28 academic societies in Japan, it has released statements based on assessments of medical risk and publishing guidelines and manuals on its website. This paper outlines the issues and countermeasures for emergency and disaster medical care related to the holding of this big event, focusing on the activities of the academic consortium.

Keywords: COVID‐19; Olympics; emergency medical service; mass gathering; public health‐care.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Approval of the research protocol: N/A. Informed consent: N/A. Registry and the registration no. of the study/trial: N/A. Animal studies: N/A. Conflict of interest: None declared.

Figures

**Fig. 1**
Organization chart of the Academic Consortium on Emergency Medical Services, Disaster Medical Response Plan during the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2020 (AC2020).

**Fig. 2**
Website of the Academic Consortium on Emergency Medical Services, Disaster Medical Response Plan during the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2020 (AC2020).

**Fig. 3**
Training program of medical staff for the spectators of the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2020 (E‐learning lecture and skills training for 4 h). ADLS, advanced disaster life support; ALS, advanced life support; BLS, basic life support; DMAT, disaster medical assistant team; EMS, emergency medical services; JATEC, japan advanced trauma evaluation and care; JPTEC, japan prehospital trauma evaluation and care; MCI, mass casualty incident; MIMMS, major incident medical management and support.

**Fig. 4**
Flamework of training of venue staff.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. World Health Organization . Public health for mass gatherings: key considerations (Interim Guidance). https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/717805/retrieve, 1 January 2015.
1. Milsten AM, Maguire BJ, Bissell RA, Seaman KG. Mass‐gathering medical care: a review of the literature. Prehosp. Disaster Med. 2002; 17: 151–62. - PubMed
1. De Lorenzo RA. Mass gathering medicine: a review. Prehosp. Disaster Med. 1997; 12: 68–72. - PubMed
1. Arbon P. The development of conceptual models for mass‐gathering health. Prehosp. Disaster Med. 2004; 19: 208–12. - PubMed
1. Rodriguez‐Morales AJ, Bonilla‐Aldana DK, Balbin‐Ramon GJ et al History is repeating itself: probable zoonotic spillover as the cause of the 2019 novel Coronavirus Epidemic. Infez. Med 2020; 28: 3–5. - PubMed

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Medicine at mass gatherings: current progress of preparedness of emergency medical services and disaster medical response during 2020 Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games from the perspective of the Academic Consortium (AC2020)

Affiliations

Medicine at mass gatherings: current progress of preparedness of emergency medical services and disaster medical response during 2020 Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games from the perspective of the Academic Consortium (AC2020)

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources

Medical