Vildagliptin ameliorates renal injury in type 2 diabetic rats by suppressing oxidative stress

Abstract

Purpose: Vildagliptin has been shown to prevent microvascular complications during diabetes. The aim of this research was to evaluate the antioxidant effects of vildagliptin in diabetic nephropathy.

Methods: The diabetes was induced in the animals by high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of 35 mg/kg streptozotocin. After diagnosis of diabetes, the vildagliptin (6 mg/kg/day) was orally administered for one month. The biochemical parameters of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, insulin, and serum albumin were measured. The levels of stress oxidative markers were detected using spectrophotometry.

Results: Treatment with vildagliptin significantly diminished blood glucose, oxidative stress, and reduced creatinine as well as increased insulin secretion. In addition, the vildagliptin improved renal glomerular and tubule interstitial damages and reduced vascular lesions.

Conclusions: The treatment with vildagliptin can be useful in controlling the renal complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus through inhibiting lipid peroxidation and increasing the antioxidant enzymes.

Keywords: Kidney; Nephropathy; Oxidative stress; Type 2 diabetes; Vildagliptin.

Fig. 1

Fasting blood glucose. Each bar represents mean ± SEM (n = 06). ***p < 0.001 vs. control group: ^### p < 0.001 vs. diabetic group

Fig. 2

Serum insulin level. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM (n = 06). ***p < 0.001 vs. control group; vs. diabetic group: ##p < 0.01

Fig. 3

Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The data were expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 06). ***p < 0.001 vs. control group

Fig. 4

Effect of vildagliptin on the oxidative stress markers in the rat renal following diabetes. a catalase (CAT) level, b superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, c malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and d glutathione oxidase (GPx) enzyme activity. Each bar represents mean ± SEM (n = 06). ***p < 0.001 and**p < 0.01 vs. control group, ###p < 0.001 vs. diabetic group

Fig. 5

Micrograph of tissue section stained by H & E method for studied groups. Control (a), diabetic (b) and diabetic + vildagliptin (c), (n = 06, 40×). (1) glomerulosclerosis with nodular sclerosis, (2) mesenchymal expansion and glomerular atrophy, (3) increased capsular space, (4) renal tubal hyalinization, (5) degeneration of epithelial cells, (6) tubular cell vacuolization, (7) interstitial fibrosis atrophy (IFTA), (8) structural degeneration of the vascular pole region