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Review
. 2021 Jan;9(1):91.
doi: 10.21037/atm-20-2765.

Intraoperative image guidance for the surgical treatment of adult spinal deformity

Venkat Boddapati  1 , Joseph M Lombardi  1 , Hikari Urakawa  2 , Ronald A Lehman  1
Affiliations
Review

Intraoperative image guidance for the surgical treatment of adult spinal deformity

Venkat Boddapati et al. Ann Transl Med. 2021 Jan.

Abstract

Operative management of adult spinal deformity (ASD) has been increasing in recent years secondary to an aging society. The advance of intraoperative image guidance, such as the development of navigation and robotics systems has contributed to the growth and safety of ASD surgery. Currently, intraoperative image guidance is mainly used for pedicle screw placement and the evaluation of alignment correction in ASD surgery. Though it is expected that the use of navigation and robotics would result in increasing pedicle screw accuracy as reported in other spine surgeries, there are no well-powered studies specifically focusing on ASD surgery. Currently, deformity correction relies heavily on preoperative planning, however, a few studies have shown the possibility that intraoperative image modalities may accurately predict postoperative spinopelvic parameters. Future developments of intraoperative image guidance are needed to overcome the remaining challenges in ASD surgery such as radiation exposure to patient and surgeon. More novel imaging modalities may result in evolution in ASD surgery. Overall there is a paucity of literature focusing on intraoperative image guidance in ASD surgery, therefore, further studies are warranted to assess the efficacy of intraoperative image guidance in ASD surgery. This narrative review sought to provide the current role and future perspectives of intraoperative image guidance focusing on ASD surgery.

Keywords: Adult spinal deformity (ASD); image guidance; navigation; robotics.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm-20-2765). The series “Current State of Intraoperative Imaging” was commissioned by the editorial office without any funding or sponsorship. RAL reports personal fees and other from Medtronic, personal fees and other from Stryker, outside the submitted work. The authors have no other conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Representative images of adult spinal deformity in a 56-year-old female presenting with back pain and neurogenic claudication and posteroanterior and lateral radiographs (A,B) with thoracolumbar degenerative scoliosis in the setting of diffuse spondylosis. Postoperative posteroanterior and lateral radiographs (C,D) show T10-Ilium fusion with two-level TLIF (L3–4, L4–5).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Intraoperative utilization of robotics. (A) Localization of robotic arm to trajectory for planned instrumented pedicle, (B) pedicle screw placement through navigated robotic arm.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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