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. 2021 Jan 20;6(4):2707-2716.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04897. eCollection 2021 Feb 2.

Optimization of Progressive Freezing for Residual Oil Recovery from a Palm Oil-Water Mixture (POME Model)

Muhammad Athir Mohamed Anuar  1 , Nurul Aini Amran  1   2 , Muhammad Syafiq Hazwan Ruslan  1
Affiliations

Optimization of Progressive Freezing for Residual Oil Recovery from a Palm Oil-Water Mixture (POME Model)

Muhammad Athir Mohamed Anuar et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

Oil and grease remain the dominant contaminants in the palm oil mill effluent (POME) despite the conventional treatment of POME. The removal of residual oil from palm oil-water mixture (POME model) using the progressive freezing process was investigated. An optimization technique called response surface methodology (RSM) with the design of rotatable central composite design was applied to figure out the optimum experimental variables generated by Design-Expert software (version 6.0.4. Stat-Ease, trial version). Besides, RSM also helps to investigate the interactive effects among the independent variables compared to one factor at a time. The variables involved are coolant temperature, X A (4-12 °C), freezing time, X B (20-60 min), and circulation flow, X C (200-600 rpm). The statistical analysis showed that a two-factor interaction model was developed using the obtained experimental data with a coefficient of determination (R 2) value of 0.9582. From the RSM-generated model, the optimum conditions for extraction of oil from the POME model were a coolant temperature of 6 °C in 50 min freezing time with a circulation flowrate of 500 rpm. The validation of the model showed that the predicted oil yield and experimental oil yield were 92.56 and 93.20%, respectively.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
World palm oil production in 2019.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Palm oil–water mixture (POME model).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Experimental setup for PF.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Process of conducting RSM.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Predicted vs actual values plot for oil recovery (%).
Figure 6
Figure 6
3D surface plot of combined effect of coolant temperature and freezing time at a circulation flowrate of 500 rpm.
Figure 7
Figure 7
3D surface plot of a combined effect of coolant temperature and circulation flowrate at a constant freezing time of 50 min.
Figure 8
Figure 8
3D surface plot of combined effect of freezing time and circulation flowrate at a constant coolant temperature of 6 °C.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Optimal region on the coolant temperature and freezing time for maximization of oil recovery from POME.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Contour plot of coolant temperature and freezing time on oil recovery at optimum conditions.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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