Food and nutrient intake and diet quality among older Americans

Abstract

Objective: A suboptimal diet and nutritional deficiencies can have important influences on health with significant impact among older adults. This study aims to assess the presence of suboptimal dietary intake among older Americans and identify risk and protective factors influencing diet quality.

Design: Cross-sectional secondary analysis.

Setting: USA.

Participants: A nationally representative sample of 5614 community-dwelling older adults over age 54 in the Health and Retirement Study - Health Care and Nutrition Survey.

Results: Overall, only 10·7 % of respondents had a good quality diet (Healthy Eating Index score 81 and above); the majority had diets considered poor or needing improvement. Less than 50 % of respondents met dietary guidelines and nutritional goals for most individual food groups and nutrients. Respondents with low socio-economic status, fewer psychosocial resources and those who had limited access to healthy food outlets were more likely to have a diet of suboptimal quality.

Conclusions: Efforts to remove identified barriers that put older adults at risk for poor nutrition and to provide resources that increase access to healthy food should be made to encourage healthy eating and enhance diet quality.

Keywords: Diet Quality; Dietary guidelines; Healthy eating; Socio-ecological framework; USA.