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. 2021 Feb 9;11(1):3405.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-82997-5.

Dose-related effects of extracorporeal shock waves on orthodontic tooth movement in rabbits

Onur Demir  1 , Nursel Arici  2
Affiliations

Dose-related effects of extracorporeal shock waves on orthodontic tooth movement in rabbits

Onur Demir et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

The purpose of this animal study is to investigate the quantitative effects of extracorporeal shock waves applied at two different impulses and with two different applicators on orthodontic tooth movement. Thirty-five New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into five groups (n = 7): the four experimental extracorporeal shock wave groups-focused/500 impulses, focused/1000 impulses, unfocused/500 impulses, and unfocused/1000 impulses-and the control group. Orthodontic tooth movement was achieved by application of reciprocal force between two maxillary incisors. In the experimental groups, animals received 500 or 1000 impulses of extracorporeal shock waves at 0.19 mJ/mm2 with focused or unfocused applicators depending on the group to which they belonged. These experiments were conducted on days 0, 7, and 14. Orthodontic tooth movement was measured with 0.01 mm accuracy at one-week intervals. On days 7 and 21, the bone-specific alkaline phosphatase levels were measured from blood samples. After 21 days, the animals were sacrificed and the area between the two maxillary incisors was stereologically examined. Orthodontic tooth movement in the focused/500 impulses and focused/1000 impulses groups was significantly increased compared to the control group. A significant difference in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase levels between the unfocused/500 impulses and control groups was found at 21st day. Stereological analysis showed that there were significant increases of the formation of new bone, connective tissue, and vessels in the experimental groups. The application of extracorporeal shock waves, especially with a focused applicator, could accelerate orthodontic tooth movement.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Intra-oral pictures taken of the maxillary incisors of a rabbit in the F1 group during the experiment.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Flowchart of the study.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Graphical representation of the mean OTM values and standard deviations of the groups in three time intervals.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Graphical presentation of the changes in the serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) level from time T1 (day 7) to T3 (day 21) in groups.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Histological representative light microscopic images of the groups (A) F2, (B) F1, (C) U2, (D) U1, (E): C and the point counting grid for Cavalieri volume estimation (F). NB: new bone; white arrows: new capillaries; CT connective tissue; small squares: infiltration areas; PDL periodontal ligament; T: tooth; larger squares: panoramic view of distracted areas (hematoxylin & eosin staining).
Figure 6
Figure 6
The mean and standard deviation values of new bone, new connective tissue and new vessel formation in groups.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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