Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2021 Mar;116(3):494-500.
doi: 10.36660/abc.20200426.

GDF-15 as a Biomarker in Cardiovascular Disease

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Bruna Miers May  1 , Mauricio Pimentel  2 , Leandro Ioschpe Zimerman  2 , Luis Eduardo Rohde  2
Affiliations
Review

GDF-15 as a Biomarker in Cardiovascular Disease

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Bruna Miers May et al. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021 Mar.

Abstract
in English, Portuguese

In the last years, several diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers have been studied in cardiovascular disease. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a cytokine belonging to the transforming growth factor- (TGF-) family, is highly up-regulated in stress and inflammatory conditions and has been correlated to myocardial injury and pressure cardiac overload in animal models. This new biomarker has been positively correlated with increased risk of cardiovascular events in population studies and shown an independent predictor of mortality in patients with coronary artery disease and heart failure. This review aimed to summarize the current evidence on the diagnostic and prognostic value of GDF-15 in different settings in cardiology.

Nos últimos anos, vários biomarcadores estão ganhando importância clínica na avaliação diagnóstica e prognóstica de pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares. O fator de crescimento e diferenciação celular-15 (GDF-15) é uma citocina induzida por estresse e inflamação, membro da família do TGF-, cuja produção no miocárdio foi demonstrada experimentalmente em resposta à injúria isquêmica ou sobrecarga cardíaca. Este novo marcador foi positivamente correlacionado com aumento do risco de eventos cardiovasculares em estudos populacionais e configurou-se preditor independente de mortalidade e prognóstico adverso em pacientes com doença arterial coronariana e insuficiência cardíaca. Este trabalho tem como objetivo revisar o valor diagnóstico e prognóstico do GDF-15 em diferentes cenários na cardiologia.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Potencial Conflito de Interesses

Declaro não haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.

Figures

Figura 1
Figura 1. – Fatores que modificam a expressão do fator de crescimento e diferenciação celular-15 (GDF-15) no sistema cardiovascular.
Figura 2
Figura 2. – Implicação do aumento nos níveis de fator de crescimento e diferenciação celular-15 (GDF-15) em diferentes aspectos clínicos na insuficiência cardíaca. IC: insuficiência cardíaca; CV: cardiovasculares; ICFEp: insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção preservada; NYHA: New York Heart Association; ICFEr: insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção reduzida; DAC: doença arterial coronariana
Figure 2
Figure 2. – Implications of increased growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) levels in different clinical conditions of heart failure; HF: heart failure; HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF: heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; NYHA: New York Heart Association; CAD: coronary artery disease
Figure 1
Figure 1. – Influencing factors of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) in the cardiovascular system.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. . Emmerson PJ, Duffin KL, Chintharlapalli S, Wu X. GDF15 and Growth Control. Front Physiol. 2018;9:1–7. - PMC - PubMed
    2. Emmerson PJ, Duffin KL, Chintharlapalli S, Wu X. GDF15 and Growth Control. Front Physiol . 2018;9:1–7. - PMC - PubMed
    1. . Xu J, Kimball TR, Lorenz JN, Brown DA, Bauskin AR, Klevitsky R, et al. GDF15/MIC-1 functions as a protective and antihypertrophic factor released from the myocardium in association with SMAD protein activation. Circ Res. 2006;98(3):342–50. - PubMed
    2. Xu J, Kimball TR, Lorenz JN, Brown DA, Bauskin AR, Klevitsky R, et al. GDF15/MIC-1 functions as a protective and antihypertrophic factor released from the myocardium in association with SMAD protein activation. Circ Res . 2006;98(3):342–350. - PubMed
    1. . Kempf T, Eden M, Strelau J, Naguib M, Willenbockel C, Tongers J, et al. The transforming growth factor- superfamily member growth-differentiation factor-15 protects the heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Circ Res. 2006;98(3):351–60. - PubMed
    2. Kempf T, Eden M, Strelau J, Naguib M, Willenbockel C, Tongers J, et al. The transforming growth factor- superfamily member growth-differentiation factor-15 protects the heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Circ Res . 2006;98(3):351–360. - PubMed
    1. . Wang T, Liu J, McDonald C, Lupino K, Zhai X, Wilkins BJ, et al. GDF 15 is a heart-derived hormone that regulates body growth. EMBO Mol Med. 2017;9(8):1150–64. - PMC - PubMed
    2. Wang T, Liu J, McDonald C, Lupino K, Zhai X, Wilkins BJ, et al. GDF 15 is a heart-derived hormone that regulates body growth. EMBO Mol Med . 2017;9(8):1150–1164. - PMC - PubMed
    1. . Wollert KC, Kempf T, Wallentin L. Growth differentiation factor 15 as a biomarker in cardiovascular disease. Clin Chem. 2017;63:140–51. - PubMed
    2. Wollert KC, Kempf T, Wallentin L. Growth differentiation factor 15 as a biomarker in cardiovascular disease. Clin Chem . 2017;63:140–151. - PubMed

Substances