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Observational Study
. 2021 Mar;116(3):371-380.
doi: 10.36660/abc.20200821.

Reduction in Hospitalization and Increase in Mortality Due to Cardiovascular Diseases during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Affiliations
Observational Study

Reduction in Hospitalization and Increase in Mortality Due to Cardiovascular Diseases during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Paulo Garcia Normando et al. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021 Mar.

Abstract

Background: In the COVID-19 pandemic, the increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mortality from them has been recognized worldwide. In Brazil, the impact of COVID-19 on CVD must be evaluated.

Objectives: To assess the impact of the current pandemic on the numbers of hospital admissions (HA), in-hospital deaths (ID), and in-hospital fatality (IF) from CVD by use of national epidemiological data from the Brazilian Unified Public Health System.

Methods: Time-series observational study using comparative analysis of the HA, ID, and IF due to CVD recorded from January to May 2020, having as reference the values registered in the same period from 2016 to 2019 and the values projected by linear regression methods for 2020. The statistical significance level applied was 0.05.

Results: Compared to the same period in 2019, there was a 15% decrease in the HA rate and a 9% decrease in the total ID due to CVD between March and May 2020, followed by a 9% increase in the IF rate due to CVD, especially among patients aged 20-59 years. The HA and IF rates registered in 2020 differed significantly from the projected trend for 2020 (p = 0.0005 and 0.0318, respectively).

Conclusions: During the first months of the pandemic, there were a decline in HA and an increase in IF due to CVD in Brazil. These data might have resulted from the inadequate planning of the CVD management during the pandemic. Thus, immediate actions are required to change this scenario. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0).

Fundamento: Na pandemia pela COVID-19, o aumento da ocorrência e da mortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) vem sendo reconhecido no mundo. No Brasil, é essencial que o impacto da COVID-19 na DCV seja analisado.

Objetivos: Avaliar o impacto desta pandemia nos números de internações hospitalares (IH), óbitos hospitalares (OH) e letalidade intra-hospitalar (LH) por DCV a partir de dados epidemiológicos do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).

Métodos: Estudo observacional de séries temporais por meio da análise comparativa das taxas de IH, OH e LH por DCV registrados entre janeiro e maio de 2020, usando como referência os valores obtidos no mesmo período entre 2016 e 2019 e os valores projetados por métodos de regressão linear para o ano de 2020. O nível significância estatística utilizado foi de 0,05.

Resultados: Em comparação com o mesmo período de 2019, houve um decréscimo de 15% na taxa de IH e de 9% no total de OH por DCV entre março e maio de 2020, acompanhado de um aumento de 9% na taxa de LH por esse grupo de doenças, sobretudo entre pacientes com idade de 20-59 anos. As taxas de IH e LH registradas em 2020 diferiram significativamente da tendência projetada para o corrente ano (p=0,0005 e 0,0318, respectivamente).

Conclusões: Durante os primeiros meses da pandemia, observou-se um declínio na IH associado a um aumento da LH por DCV no Brasil. Esses dados possivelmente são consequência do planejamento inadequado no manejo das DCV durante a pandemia, sendo necessária a implementação de ações imediatas para modificar esse cenário. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0).

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Conflict of interest statement

Potencial Conflito de Interesses

Declaro não haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.

Figures

Figura 1
Figura 1. – Análise da tendência do número de (a) procedimentos, cirurgias; (b) internações, óbitos; e (c) taxa de letalidade intra-hospitalar nos meses de março a maio dos anos de 2016 a 2020. p-valor calculado a partir da diferença entre o valor projetado e o registrado em 2020 utilizando a distribuição t de Student.
Figure 1
Figure 1. – Analysis of the trend in: (a) the number of procedures and surgeries; (b) the number of admissions and deaths; and (c) in-hospital fatality rate in March to May of 2016 to 2020. p-value calculated from the difference between the value projected and the value recorded in 2020 using Student t distribution.

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