Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2021 Feb 8;13(2):558.
doi: 10.3390/nu13020558.

Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Chronic Inflammation and the Gut Microbiota in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Study

Akio Kanazawa  1 , Masanori Aida  2 , Yasuto Yoshida  2 , Hideyoshi Kaga  1 , Takehiro Katahira  1 , Luka Suzuki  1 , Shoko Tamaki  1 , Junko Sato  1 , Hiromasa Goto  1 , Kosuke Azuma  1 , Tomoaki Shimizu  1 , Takuya Takahashi  3 , Yuichiro Yamashiro  4 , Hirotaka Watada  1   5   6   7
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Chronic Inflammation and the Gut Microbiota in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Study

Akio Kanazawa et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 24-week synbiotic supplementation on chronic inflammation and the gut microbiota in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. We randomized 88 obese patients with type 2 diabetes to one of two groups for 24 weeks: control or synbiotic (Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota (previously Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota) and Bifidobacterium breve strain Yakult, and galactooligosaccharides). The primary endpoint was the change in interleukin-6 from baseline to 24 weeks. Secondary endpoints were evaluation of the gut microbiota in feces and blood, fecal organic acids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, and glycemic control. Synbiotic administration for 24 weeks did not significantly affect changes in interleukin-6 from baseline to 24 weeks (0.35 ± 1.99 vs. -0.24 ± 1.75 pg/mL, respectively). Relative to baseline, however, at 24 weeks after synbiotic administration there were positive changes in the counts of Bifidobacterium and total lactobacilli, the relative abundances of Bifidobacterium species such as Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, and the concentrations of acetic and butyric acids in feces. No significant changes in inflammatory markers were found in the synbiotic group compared to the control group. However, synbiotic administration at least partially improved the gut environment in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Keywords: chronic inflammation; galacto-oligosccharides (GOSs); gut microbiota; probiotic; synbiotic; type 2 diabetes.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

AK has received lecture fees from Sanofi, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Daiichi Sankyo Inc., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., and MSD, and research funds from Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma. JS has received lecture fees from Sanofi, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Novo Nordisk Pharma, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Daiichi Sankyo Inc., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., MSD, Terumo, Medtronic Japan Co., and Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, and research funds from Sanofi. HW has received lecture fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Sanofi, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Novo Nordisk Pharma, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Daiichi Sankyo Inc., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., MSD, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, and Kowa Co., and research funds from Boehringer Ingelheim, Pfizer, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Sanofi, Novo Nordisk Pharma, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Terumo Corp., Eli Lilly, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo Inc., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., MSD, Shionogi Pharma, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, Kissei Pharma, and AstraZeneca. AM, YYo, and TT are employed by the Yakult Central Institute. The other authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of patient recruitment. In total, 88 patients were randomly allocated to either the synbiotic group or control group. One patient each in the synbiotic and control groups declined to participate. The remaining 86 patients were followed up for 24 weeks.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) effect size was used to calculate the taxa that best discriminated between the synbiotic and control groups. (a) Expressed in a cladogram, taxa that reached a linear discriminant analysis score (log10) >2.0 are highlighted and labelled accordingly. (b) LDA score >2.0 at taxonomic levels from phylum to species.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Cani P.D., Bibiloni R., Knauf C., Waget A., Neyrinck A.M., Delzenne N.M., Burcelin R. Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Diabetes. 2008;57:1470–1481. doi: 10.2337/db07-1403. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Pedersen H.K., Gudmundsdottir V., Nielsen H.B., Hyotylainen T., Nielsen T., Jensen B.A.H., Forslund K., Hildebrand F., Prifti E., Falony G., et al. Human gut microbes impact host serum metabolome and insulin sensitivity. Nature. 2016;535:376–381. doi: 10.1038/nature18646. - DOI - PubMed
    1. De Vadder F., Kovatcheva-Datchary P., Goncalves D., Vinera J., Zitoun C., Duchampt A., Bäckhed F., Mithieux G. Microbiota-generated metabolites promote metabolic benefits via gut-brain neural circuits. Cell. 2014;156:84–96. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.016. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Tolhurst G., Heffron H., Lam Y.S., Parker H.E., Habib A.M., Diakogiannaki E., Cameron J., Grosse J., Reimann F., Gribble F.M. Short-chain fatty acids stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion via the G-protein-coupled receptor FFAR2. Diabetes. 2012;61:364–371. doi: 10.2337/db11-1019. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Miyamoto J., Igarashi M., Watanabe K., Karaki S.-I., Mukouyama H., Kishino S., Li X., Ichimura A., Irie J., Sugimoto Y., et al. Gut microbiota confers host resistance to obesity by metabolizing dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nat. Commun. 2019;10:4007. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11978-0. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms