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Multicenter Study
. 2021 Feb 10;19(1):53.
doi: 10.1186/s12955-021-01696-x.

Phenotypes of adults with congenital heart disease around the globe: a cluster analysis

Edward Callus  1   2 , Silvana Pagliuca  1 , Sara Boveri  3 , Federico Ambrogi  4 , Koen Luyckx  5   6 , Adrienne H Kovacs  7   8 , Silke Apers  9 , Werner Budts  10   11 , Junko Enomoto  12 , Maayke A Sluman  13   14 , Jou-Kou Wang  15 , Jamie L Jackson  16 , Paul Khairy  17 , Stephen C Cook  18 , Shanthi Chidambarathanu  19 , Luis Alday  20 , Katrine Eriksen  21 , Mikael Dellborg  22   23   24 , Malin Berghammer  24   25   26 , Bengt Johansson  27 , Andrew S Mackie  28 , Samuel Menahem  29 , Maryanne Caruana  30 , Gruschen Veldtman  31 , Alexandra Soufi  32 , Susan M Fernandes  33 , Kamila White  34 , Shelby Kutty  35   36 , Philip Moons  37   38   39   40 ; APPROACH-IS consortium and the International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ISACHD)
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

Phenotypes of adults with congenital heart disease around the globe: a cluster analysis

Edward Callus et al. Health Qual Life Outcomes. .

Abstract

Objective: To derive cluster analysis-based groupings for adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) when it comes to perceived health, psychological functioning, health behaviours and quality of life (QoL).

Methods: This study was part of a larger worldwide multicentre study called APPROACH-IS; a cross sectional study which recruited 4028 patients (2013-2015) from 15 participating countries. A hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using Ward's method in order to group patients with similar psychological characteristics, which were defined by taking into consideration the scores of the following tests: Sense Of Coherence, Health Behavior Scale (physical exercise score), Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, Illness Perception Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Visual Analogue Scale scores of the EQ-5D perceived health scale and a linear analogue scale (0-100) measuring QoL.

Results: 3768 patients with complete data were divided into 3 clusters. The first and second clusters represented 89.6% of patients in the analysis who reported a good health perception, QoL, psychological functioning and the greatest amount of exercise. Patients in the third cluster reported substantially lower scores in all PROs. This cluster was characterised by a significantly higher proportion of females, a higher average age the lowest education level, more complex forms of congenital heart disease and more medical comorbidities.

Conclusions: This study suggests that certain demographic and clinical characteristics may be linked to less favourable health perception, quality of life, psychological functioning, and health behaviours in ACHD. This information may be used to improve psychosocial screening and the timely provision of psychosocial care.

Keywords: Adults with congenital heart disease; Cluster analysis; Health behaviours; Perceived health; Psychological functioning; Quality of life.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Visual representation of cluster scores
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Biplot of the tests of the 3 patient clusters
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Single linkage clustering
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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