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. 2021 Jan 29;10(2):272.
doi: 10.3390/foods10020272.

Industrial Fruits By-Products and Their Antioxidant Profile: Can They Be Exploited for Industrial Food Applications?

Cássia H Barbosa  1 , Mariana A Andrade  1   2 , Raquel Séndon  3 , Ana Sanches Silva  4   5 , Fernando Ramos  2 , Fernanda Vilarinho  1 , Khaoula Khwaldia  6 , Letricia Barbosa-Pereira  3
Affiliations

Industrial Fruits By-Products and Their Antioxidant Profile: Can They Be Exploited for Industrial Food Applications?

Cássia H Barbosa et al. Foods. .

Abstract

Fruit by-products have a low economic value and have proven biological activities, such as antioxidant capacity due to the presence of active compounds. The main objective of this study was to obtain and determine the antioxidant capacity, through DPPH radical assay and β-carotene bleaching assay, of three food grade extracts from apple, lemon, and orange industrial by-products. Furthermore, the extracts were characterized by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). LC with diode array detector (LC-DAD) was used for the quantification of the main polyphenols. Lemon extract presented the highest inhibition percentage of DPPH radical (51.7%) and the highest total phenolics content (43.4 mg GAE/g) from the by-products studied. Orange by-product was that with the higher number of polyphenols while lemon extract was that with the highest content of individual phenolics. The by-product obtained from the lemon was that with higher amounts of hydroxycinnamic acids (407 µg/g of by-product), mainly chlorogenic acid (386.7 µg/g), followed by the apple by-product (128.0 µg/g of by-product), which showed higher amounts of rosmarinic and chlorogenic acids. These industrial by-products have great potential as a source of natural antioxidants to be used directly as food additives or to be incorporated in packaging to produce active food packaging.

Keywords: LC-DAD; UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS; antioxidant capacity; apple; industrial by-products; lemon; orange.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
HPLC-DAD chromatograms of fruit by-products (a) orange, (b) lemon, and (c) apple, recorded at 278 nm.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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