Cannabinoids and the Adolescent Patient: A Pragmatic Guide for Pediatric Practitioners

Abstract

Primary care and emergency medicine practitioners frequently care for adolescents with acute or chronic effects of cannabinoids. Cannabinoid epidemiology and pharmacology are changing as new laws and regulations, new products, and new means of delivery are rapidly developed. A grasp of basic cannabinoid terminology, which is also constantly shifting, helps clinicians obtain histories and discuss diagnoses, treatments, and outcomes with their patients. The ability to identify and treat cannabinoid-associated illnesses such as cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, withdrawal syndrome, and acute intoxication with synthetic cannabinoids can reduce morbidity. Research on neurodevelopmental, cognitive, and psychological effects of adolescent cannabinoid use helps clinicians to have informed conversations with their patients, while providing anticipatory guidance. This article is designed with busy clinicians in mind and highlights the practical information necessary to provide care to their adolescent patients. [Pediatr Ann. 2021;50(2):e57-e64.