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Review
. 2021 Jul 3;17(7):1897-1909.
doi: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1871295. Epub 2021 Feb 12.

Immunotherapies and immunomodulatory approaches in clinical trials - a mini review

Mohd Iqbal Yatoo  1 , Zeenat Hamid  2 , Izhar Rather  1 , Qurat Ul Ain Nazir  1 , Riyaz Ahmed Bhat  1 , Abrar Ul Haq  1 , Suhail Nabi Magray  3 , Zulfqar Haq  4 , Ranjit Sah  5 , Ruchi Tiwari  6 , SenthilKumar Natesan  7 , Muhammad Bilal  8 , Harapan Harapan  9   10   11 , Kuldeep Dhama  12
Affiliations
Review

Immunotherapies and immunomodulatory approaches in clinical trials - a mini review

Mohd Iqbal Yatoo et al. Hum Vaccin Immunother. .

Abstract

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created havoc worldwide. Due to the non-availability of any vaccine or drugs against COVID-19, immunotherapies involving convalescent plasma, immunoglobulins, antibodies (monoclonal or polyclonal), and the use of immunomodulatory agents to enhance immunity are valuable alternative options. Cell-based therapies including natural killer cells, T cells, stem cells along with cytokines and toll-like receptors (TLRs) based therapies are also being exploited potentially against COVID-19. Future research need to strengthen the field of developing effective immunotherapeutics and immunomodulators with a thrust of providing appropriate, affordable, convenient, and cost-effective prophylactic and treatment regimens to combat global COVID-19 crisis that has led to a state of medical emergency enforcing entire countries of the world to devote their research infrastructure and manpower in tackling this pandemic.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; covid-19; immunomodulators; immunotherapies.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare that there exist no commercial or financial relationships that could, in any way, lead to a potential conflict of interest.

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