Emerging biofabrication approaches for gastrointestinal organoids towards patient specific cancer models

Fernando Soto¹, Carlos F Guimarães², Rui L Reis³, Walfre Franco⁴, Imran Rizvi⁵, Utkan Demirci⁶

Affiliations

¹ Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94304-5427, USA.
² Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94304-5427, USA; 3B's Research Group, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
³ 3B's Research Group, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
⁴ Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, 01854, MA, USA; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.
⁵ Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
⁶ Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94304-5427, USA. Electronic address: utkan@stanford.edu.

PMID: 33577978
DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.023

Review

Emerging biofabrication approaches for gastrointestinal organoids towards patient specific cancer models

Fernando Soto et al. Cancer Lett. 2021.

. 2021 Apr 28:504:116-124.

doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.023. Epub 2021 Feb 9.

Authors

Fernando Soto¹, Carlos F Guimarães², Rui L Reis³, Walfre Franco⁴, Imran Rizvi⁵, Utkan Demirci⁶

Affiliations

¹ Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94304-5427, USA.
² Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94304-5427, USA; 3B's Research Group, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
³ 3B's Research Group, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
⁴ Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, 01854, MA, USA; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.
⁵ Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
⁶ Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94304-5427, USA. Electronic address: utkan@stanford.edu.

PMID: 33577978
DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.023

Abstract

Tissue engineered organoids are simple biomodels that can emulate the structural and functional complexity of specific organs. Here, we review developments in three-dimensional (3D) artificial cell constructs to model gastrointestinal dynamics towards cancer diagnosis. We describe bottom-up approaches to fabricate close-packed cell aggregates, from the use of biochemical and physical cues to guide the self-assembly of organoids, to the use of engineering approaches, including 3D printing/additive manufacturing and external field-driven protocols. Finally, we outline the main challenges and possible risks regarding the potential translation of gastrointestinal organoids from laboratory settings to patient-specific models in clinical applications.

Keywords: Bioengineering; Externally driven assembly; Organ on a chip; Personalized medicine; Self-assembly.

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Emerging biofabrication approaches for gastrointestinal organoids towards patient specific cancer models

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Emerging biofabrication approaches for gastrointestinal organoids towards patient specific cancer models

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