Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Feb 13;21(1):78.
doi: 10.1186/s12887-021-02546-x.

Factors associated with diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection in children under-5 years old in Ghana: an analysis of a national cross-sectional survey

Paschal Awingura Apanga  1 , Maxwell Tii Kumbeni  2
Affiliations

Factors associated with diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection in children under-5 years old in Ghana: an analysis of a national cross-sectional survey

Paschal Awingura Apanga et al. BMC Pediatr. .

Abstract

Background: Diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection (ARI) are major causes of morbidity and mortality in children under-5 years old in Ghana. The aim of the study was to assess factors associated with diarrhoea and ARI in children under-5 years old.

Methods: We analysed nationally representative data from the 2017-2018 Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) on 8879 children under-5 years old. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the factors associated with diarrhoea and ARI. We applied sample weights, stratification and clustering to account for the sampling design of the MICS.

Results: The prevalence of diarrhoea was 17.0% (95% CI: 15.70, 18.24%). Children aged 6-11 months [Adjusted prevalence odds ratio (aPOR): 2.06, 95% CI: 1.45, 2.92], and 12-23 months (aPOR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.67, 3.35), had higher prevalence of diarrhoea compared to children aged 0-5 months. Children whose mothers had a college or higher education (aPOR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.78), and a secondary education (aPOR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.86), had 59% and 34% lower odds of diarrhoea respectively, compared to children whose mothers had no formal education. Children from the richest households (aPOR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.86), had 42% lower odds of diarrhoea compared to children from the poorest households. Children resident in rural areas had 22% lower odds of diarrhoea compared to their peers in urban areas (aPOR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.63, 0.98). The prevalence of ARI was 33.3% (95% CI: 31.72, 34.82%). Children aged 6-11 months (aPOR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.93), and 12-23 months (aPOR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.82), had higher prevalence of ARI compared to children aged 0-5 months.

Conclusions: This study suggests that the prevalence of diarrhoea and ARI among children aged 6-11 and 12-23 months was higher compared to children aged 0-5 months. Children under-5 years old whose mothers had a secondary or higher education had a lower prevalence of diarrhoea compared to children whose mothers had no formal education.

Keywords: Acute respiratory infection; Children under-5 years; Diarrhoea; Ghana.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

None declared.

References

    1. WHO. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data: Causes of Child Mortality 2017. https://www.who.int/gho/child_health/mortality/causes/en/. Accessed 27 December 2020.
    1. UNICEF. One is Too Many: Ending Child Deaths from Pneumonia and Diarrhoea New York: UNICEF; 2016. https://data.unicef.org/wp-content/ uploads/2016/11/UNICEF-Pneumonia-Diarrhoea-report2016-web-version.pdf. Accessed 27 December 2020.
    1. WHO. Children: reducing mortality 2019. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/children-reducing-morta.... Accessed 27 December 2020.
    1. UN. Sustainable Development Goals: About the Sustainable Development Goals 2016. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/. Accessed 27 December 2020.
    1. UNICEF. Committing to Child Survival: A Promise Renewed Progress Report 2015 2015. https://www.unicef.org/publications/files/APR_2015_9_Sep_15.pdf. Accessed 27 December 2020.