Prognostic Implications of a Novel Algorithm to Grade Secondary Tricuspid Regurgitation

Abstract

Objectives: A novel tricuspid regurgitation (TR) grading system, using vena contracta (VC) width and effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA), was proposed and validated based on its prognostic usefulness.

Background: The clinical need of a new grading system for TR has recently been emphasized to depict the whole spectrum of TR severity, particularly beyond severe TR (massive or torrential).

Methods: TR severity was characterized in 1,129 patients with moderate or severe secondary TR (STR). Recently proposed cutoff values of VC width were more effective in differentiating the prognosis of patients with moderate STR, whereas EROA cutoff values performed better in characterizing the risk of patients with more severe STR. Therefore, these 2 parameters were combined into a novel grading system to define moderate (VC <7 mm), severe (VC ≥7 mm and EROA <80 mm²), and torrential (VC ≥7 mm and EROA ≥80 mm²) STR.

Results: A total of 143 patients (13%) showed moderate STR, whereas 536 patients (47%) had severe STR, and 450 (40%) had torrential STR. Patients with torrential STR had larger right ventricular (RV) dimensions, lower RV systolic function, and were more likely to receive diuretics. The cumulative 10-year survival rate was 53% for moderate, 45% for severe, and 35% for torrential STR (p = 0.007). After adjusting for potential confounders, torrential STR retained an association with worse prognosis compared with other STR grades (hazard ratio: 1.245; 95% confidence interval: 1.023 to 1.516; p = 0.029).

Conclusions: A novel STR grading system was able to capture the whole range of STR severity and identified patients with torrential STR who were characterized by a worse prognosis.

Keywords: prognosis; right ventricle; tricuspid regurgitation.