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Review
. 2021 Sep-Oct;66(5):693-713.
doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.02.003. Epub 2021 Feb 11.

Glaucoma and neuroinflammation: An overview

Luciano Quaranta  1 , Carlo Bruttini  2 , Eleonora Micheletti  2 , Anastasios G P Konstas  3 , Manuele Michelessi  4 , Francesco Oddone  4 , Andreas Katsanos  5 , Diego Sbardella  4 , Giovanni De Angelis  2 , Ivano Riva  4
Affiliations
Review

Glaucoma and neuroinflammation: An overview

Luciano Quaranta et al. Surv Ophthalmol. 2021 Sep-Oct.

Abstract

Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by well-defined optic disc morphological changes (i.e., cup enlargement, neuroretinal border thinning, and notching, papillary vessel modifications) consequent to retinal ganglion cell loss, axonal degeneration, and lamina cribrosa remodeling. These modifications tend to be progressive and are the main cause of functional damage in glaucoma. Despite the latest findings about the pathophysiology of the disease, the exact trigger mechanisms and the mechanism of degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their axons have not been completely elucidated. Neuroinflammation may play a role in both the development and the progression of the disease as a result of its effects on retinal environment and retinal ganglion cells. We summarize the latest findings about neuroinflammation in glaucoma and examine the connection between risk factors, neuroinflammation, and retinal ganglion cell degeneration.

Keywords: Autophagy; Glaucoma; Glia activation; Neuroinflammation; Proteostasis network; Retinal ganglion cells.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Luciano Quaranta: Fee/Honoraria from Allergan, Bausch&Lomb, Novartis, Thea, Santen, Visufarma; Consultancy for Fidia-Sooft, Visufarma; Travel/Research grant from Allergan, Bausch&Lomb, Omikron, Novartis, Santen, SIFI. Carlo Bruttini: None; Eleonora Micheletti: None; Anastasios G.P. Konstas: Research funding from Allergan, Bayer, Omni Vision, Pharmaten and Santen; Travel support from Vianex; Honoraria from Allergan, Mundipharma, Santen and Vianex. Manuele Michelessi: None; Francesco Oddone: Consultancy for Allergan, Santen, Centervue, Sooft; Grants from: Allergan, Omikron, Santen; Speaker for Allergan, Santen, Centervue, Sooft, Novartis, Theà. Andreas Katsanos: Honoraria and congress expenses from Santen, Vianex, Zwitter; Research grant from Laboratoires Théa. Diego Sbardella: None; Giovanni De Angelis: None; Ivano Riva: Honoraria and congress expenses from Allergan, Santen, Visufarma, SIFI.

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