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Review
. 2021 Mar;43(3):557-571.e1.
doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.01.015. Epub 2021 Jan 16.

Sex- or Gender-specific Differences in the Clinical Presentation, Outcome, and Treatment of SARS-CoV-2

Jeannette Wolfe  1 , Basmah Safdar  2 , Tracy E Madsen  3 , Kinjal N Sethuraman  4 , Bruce Becker  3 , Marna Rayl Greenberg  5 , Alyson J McGregor  3
Affiliations
Review

Sex- or Gender-specific Differences in the Clinical Presentation, Outcome, and Treatment of SARS-CoV-2

Jeannette Wolfe et al. Clin Ther. 2021 Mar.

Abstract

This review describes the sex and gender differences in COVID-19 presentation, treatment, and outcomes. We discuss the differences between the sexes in susceptibility to infection, the role of sex chromosomes on the body's immunologic response and the influence of hormones on the body's response to the virus. Additionally, the sex differences in clinical and laboratory presentation, complications of infection and outcomes, as well as differences in response to treatment and prevention are reviewed.

Keywords: Immunology; Sars Cov2; long haulers; sex and gender based medicine; sex-disaggregated analysis.

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