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Review
. 2021 Jan 26;13(1):1-29.
doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i1.1.

Perspectives of pluripotent stem cells in livestock

Dharmendra Kumar  1 , Thirumala R Talluri  2 , Naresh L Selokar  3 , Iqbal Hyder  4 , Wilfried A Kues  5
Affiliations
Review

Perspectives of pluripotent stem cells in livestock

Dharmendra Kumar et al. World J Stem Cells. .

Abstract

The recent progress in derivation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) from farm animals opens new approaches not only for reproduction, genetic engineering, treatment and conservation of these species, but also for screening novel drugs for their efficacy and toxicity, and modelling of human diseases. Initial attempts to derive PSCs from the inner cell mass of blastocyst stages in farm animals were largely unsuccessful as either the cells survived for only a few passages, or lost their cellular potency; indicating that the protocols which allowed the derivation of murine or human embryonic stem (ES) cells were not sufficient to support the maintenance of ES cells from farm animals. This scenario changed by the innovation of induced pluripotency and by the development of the 3 inhibitor culture conditions to support naïve pluripotency in ES cells from livestock species. However, the long-term culture of livestock PSCs while maintaining the full pluripotency is still challenging, and requires further refinements. Here, we review the current achievements in the derivation of PSCs from farm animals, and discuss the potential application areas.

Keywords: Cell-therapy; Cellular reprogramming; Chimera; Livestock; Ontogenesis; Pluripotency.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Derivation of pluripotent stem cells from livestock and their differentiation properties. IVF: In vitro fertilization; ES Cells: Embryonic stem cells; PA: Parthenogenetic activation; pES Cells: Parthenogenetically derived embryonic stem cells; SCNT: Somatic cell nuclear transfer; nES Cells: Nuclear transfer derived embryonic stem cells; IR: Induced reprogramming; iPS cells: Induced pluripotent stem cells.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Involvement of pluripotent stem cells in the reproductive cell cycle through reprogramming, differentiation and development.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Outline of the production of transgenic livestock using pluripotent stem cells. IR: Induced reprogramming; SCNT: Somatic cell nuclear transfer; IVF: In vitro fertilization; PA: Parthenogenetic activation; PSCs: Pluripotent stem cells; CRISPR: Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; TALEN: Transcription activator-like effector nucleases; ZFN: Zinc finger nucleases.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Outline of the production of humanized organs in livestock by chimera formation. OCT4: Octamer-binding transcription factor 4; SOX2: Sex determining region Y-box 2; KLF4: Kruppel-like factor 4; c-MYC: MYC Proto-Oncogene; hiPSC: Human induced pluripotent stem cells; piPSC: Porcine induced pluripotent stem cells; IR: Induced reprogramming; KO cells: Knock-out cells; SCNT: Somatic cell nuclear transfer.
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