Amino acids and vitamins status during continuous renal replacement therapy: An ancillary prospective observational study of a randomised control trial

Abstract

Background: Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is associated with micronutrients loss. Current recommendations are to administer 1-1.5g/kg/day of proteins during CRRT. We aim to evaluate the net effect of CRRT on amino acids (AA), vitamins A and C (Vit A, Vit C) levels.

Methods: This is a prospective observational study embedded within a randomised controlled trial comparing two CRRT doses in patients with septic shock. CRRT was provided in continuous veno-venous haemofiltration mode at a dose of either 35ml/kg/h or 70ml/kg/h. All patients received parenteral nutrition with standard trace elements and vitamins (protein intake 1g/kg/d). We measured serum levels of glutamine, valine and alanine as well as Vit A and Vit C upon randomisation, study day four and eight. In addition, we measured a larger panel of AA in a subset of 11 patients.

Results: We included 30 patients (17 allocated to 70ml/kg/h and 13 to 35ml/kg/h CRRT). Before CRRT initiation, mean plasma levels of glutamine and valine, Vit A and Vit C were low. CRRT was not associated with any significant change in AA levels except for a decrease in cystein. It was associated with an increase in Vit A and a decrease in Vit C levels. CRRT dose had no impact on those nutrients blood levels.

Conclusions: Irrespective of dose, CRRT was associated with a decrease in cysteine and Vit C and an increase in Vit A with no significant change in other AA. Further studies should focus on lean mass wasting during CRRT.

Keywords: Amino acids; Continuous renal replacement therapy; Critically ill; Metabolism; Nutrition; Vitamin A and C.