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. 2021 Feb 16;16(2):e0246932.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246932. eCollection 2021.

Distribution and diversity of mosquitoes and Oropouche-like virus infection rates in an Amazonian rural settlement

Jordam William Pereira-Silva  1   2   3   4 , Claudia María Ríos-Velásquez  1   2   4   5 , Gervilane Ribeiro de Lima  1 , Eric Fabrício Marialva Dos Santos  1   5 , Heliana Christy Matos Belchior  1   5 , Sergio Luiz Bessa Luz  1   2   5 , Felipe Gomes Naveca  1   5 , Felipe Arley Costa Pessoa  1   2   5
Affiliations

Distribution and diversity of mosquitoes and Oropouche-like virus infection rates in an Amazonian rural settlement

Jordam William Pereira-Silva et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Mosquito diversity and disease transmission are influenced by landscape modifications, i.e., vectors and pathogens previously found only in forests are now found close to human environments due to anthropic changes. This study determined the diversity and distribution of mosquitoes in forest environments in order to analyze the potential vectors of Amazonian forest arboviruses. Mosquitoes were collected by 1) vertical stratification from forest canopy and ground areas using Hooper Pugedo (HP) light traps and human attraction and 2) horizontal stratification using HP light traps in peridomicile, forest edge, and forest environments near the Rio Pardo rural settlement, Amazonas, Brazil. A total of 3,750 mosquitoes were collected, representing 46 species. 3,139 individuals representing 46 species were sampled by vertical stratification. Both the Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H') and equitability (J') were higher in the canopy than on the ground. 611 individuals representing 13 species were sampled by horizontal stratification. H' decreased in the following order: forest edge > forest > peridomicile, and J' was greater at the forest edge and smaller in the peridomicile environment. Moreover, H' was higher for the human attraction collection method than the HP traps. A total of 671 pools were analyzed by RT-qPCR; three species were positive for Oropouche-like viruses (Ochlerotatus serratus, Psorophora cingulata, and Haemagogus tropicalis) and the minimum infection rate was 0.8%. The composition of mosquito species did not differ significantly between anthropic and forest environments in Rio Pardo. Some mosquito species, due to their abundance, dispersion in the three environments, and record of natural infection, were hypothesized to participate in the arbovirus transmission cycle in this Amazonian rural settlement.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Map of mosquito collection area in Rio Pardo, Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas State, Brazil.
(A) South America; (B) Amazonas State; (C) Presidente Figueiredo Municipality; (D) Study area: The image shows the six branches of the community. The red dots represent the collection sites by horizontal stratification and the red and green symbols represent the platforms in the forest for collections by vertical stratification; (E1) Roads: Principal; (F2) Gusmão; (G3) Terra preta; (H4) Samuel; (I5) Novo Paraíso; (J6) Taxista.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Rényi diversity profiles on the ground and canopy in Rio Pardo, Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas State, Brazil.
α-values: zero = log wealth, 1 = Shannon Index.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Rarefaction curves representing species richness of mosquitoes collected by vertical stratification.
(A) HLC-ground; (B) HLC-canopy; (C) HP-ground; (D) HP-canopy.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) for the species collected in each environment of the Rio Pardo settlement, Presidente Figueiredo Municipality, Amazonas State, Brazil.
Fig 5
Fig 5. Rarefaction curves representing species richness of mosquitoes collected by horizontal stratification.
(A) Peridomicile; (B) Forest edge; (C) Forest environment of the Rio Pardo settlement, Presidente Figueiredo Municipality, Amazonas State, Brazil.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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