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. 2021 Dec;69(12):961-968.
doi: 10.1007/s00106-021-01003-6. Epub 2021 Feb 16.

[Perioperative medical prophylaxis of venous thromboembolic events in head and neck surgery : A retrospective study and recommendations]

[Article in German]
Affiliations

[Perioperative medical prophylaxis of venous thromboembolic events in head and neck surgery : A retrospective study and recommendations]

[Article in German]
B Höing et al. HNO. 2021 Dec.

Abstract

Background: In the authors' department, a newly implemented clinical algorithm for application of perioperative thrombosis prophylaxis in head and neck surgery recommends restrictive handling of anticoagulants. This retrospective study aims to evaluate the algorithm by comparing incidences of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) and surgical revisions due to postoperative hemorrhage.

Materials and methods: Perioperative incidences of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism as well as surgical revisions due to postoperative hemorrhage after head and neck surgery were determined based on all patients operated in the department over a period of 36 months. The incidences before (group I) and after (group II) implementation of the restrictive algorithm were compared.

Results: A total of 9276 patients were included. The incidences of VTE (0.12%) and surgical revisions due to postoperative hemorrhage (1.4%) were low. Incidences of VTE were non-significantly higher in group II (0.16%) than in group I (0.08%; p > 0.45, chi-square-test). Case analysis revealed that this difference was not due to implementation of the restrictive algorithm. The incidence of surgical revision due to postoperative hemorrhage was identical in the two groups (1.4%).

Conclusion: After restricting the indication for thrombosis prophylaxis, the incidence of VTE or surgical revision due to postoperative hemorrhage did not change significantly. The provided clinical algorithm represents a low-risk and low-cost strategy of perioperative risk stratification.

Zusammenfassung: HINTERGRUND: Ein in unserer Klinik neu angewandter Algorithmus zur medikamentösen Prophylaxe venöser Thromboembolien (VTE) bei Kopf-Hals-Operationen rät zu einer restriktiven Gabe. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, anhand einer retrospektiven Inzidenzstudie die Auswirkung einer veränderten Indikationsstellung auf das venöse Thromboembolie- und Blutungsrisiko von operativ behandelten Patienten zu untersuchen.

Material und methoden: Die Inzidenzen von venösen thromboembolischen Ereignissen (tiefe Venenthrombosen oder Lungenembolien) sowie von operativen Revisionen aufgrund von Nachblutungen wurden bei allen in unserer Klinik operativ behandelten Patienten in einem Zeitraum von 36 Monaten retrospektiv ausgewertet. Die Inzidenzen vor (Gruppe I) und nach (Gruppe II) Verschärfung der Indikationsstellung zur Verabreichung medikamentöser Prophylaxe wurden verglichen.

Ergebnisse: Es wurden 9276 Patienten in die Studie eingeschlossen. Die Inzidenzen einer VTE (0,12 %) und von operativen Revisionen aufgrund von Nachblutungen (1,4 %) waren gering. Die Inzidenz venöser thromboembolischer Ereignisse war in Gruppe II nicht signifikant höher (0,16 %) als in Gruppe I (0,08 %; p > 0,45; Chi-Quadrat-Test). Eine Fallanalyse zeigte, dass der Unterschied zwischen beiden Gruppen nicht auf die Änderung des Algorithmus zurückzuführen war. Die Inzidenzen von operativen Revisionen aufgrund von Nachblutungen waren in beiden Gruppen identisch (1,4 %).

Schlussfolgerung: Nach Verschärfung der Indikationsstellung zur Anwendung medikamentöser Thromboseprophylaxe zeigte sich kein Unterschied in der Inzidenz von thromboembolischen Ereignissen oder operativen Revisionen aufgrund von Nachblutungen. Der angewandte Algorithmus stellt somit eine kostengünstige und risikoarme Methode zur Prophylaxe venöser Thromboembolien dar.

Keywords: Deep vein thrombosis; Enoxaparin; Ent-surgery; Heparin; Perioperative complication.

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