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. 2020 Jul;16(4):192-207.
doi: 10.22122/arya.v16i4.2123.

The role of the characteristics of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program in the improvement of lipid profile level: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Mohammad Javaherian  1 , Narges Dabbaghipour  2 , Zinat Mohammadpour  3 , Behrouz Attarbashi Moghadam  4
Affiliations

The role of the characteristics of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program in the improvement of lipid profile level: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Mohammad Javaherian et al. ARYA Atheroscler. 2020 Jul.

Abstract

Background: The current study aimed to update prior systematic review and meta-analyses (SRMA) in order to determine the effects of supervised exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (EBCR) and introduce a suitable exercise protocol for management of lipid profile abnormalities in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from 1980 to December 2018. All published, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the efficacy of supervised EBCR in patients with CVD and measuring at least 1 component of lipid profile were included. The quality of articles was assessed based on the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Random effect model was used to calculate the effect size of post-intervention data.

Results: Initially 774 RCTs were reviewed, 14 of them were included in the study. In comparison with the control group, supervised EBCR was associated with higher serum levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) [weight mean difference (WMD): 1.297; 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.620, 4.214] and lower serum level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (WMD: -7.797; 95%CI: -14.005, -1.588), total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: -11.029; 95%CI: -20.716, -1.342), and triglyceride (TG) (WMD: -14.602; 95%CI: -28.992, -0.212).

Conclusion: It seems that EBCR is correlated with an insignificant increase in HDL serum level and a significant decrease in LDL, TC, and TG serum levels. Considering subgroup analysis results, it is suggested that long duration, moderate exercise volume (EV), and combination of aerobic exercise (AE) and resistance exercise (RE) be used to improve HDL and TG serum levels. Short duration, high EV, and AE+RE seem to significantly reduce LDL serum level. Moreover, moderate EV is associated with a significant reduction in TC level.

Keywords: Cardiac Rehabilitation; Cardiovascular Diseases; Exercise; Lipids; Meta-Analysis.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The flow diagram for the identification of the eligible articles evaluating the effect of cardiac rehabilitation on lipid profile RCT: Randomized controlled trials
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plots of high-density lipoprotein serum level differences between the intervention and control groups after cardiac rehabilitation using random effect analysis WMD: Weighted mean difference; CI: Confidence interval
Figure 3
Figure 3
Forest plots of low-density lipoprotein serum level differences between the intervention and control groups after cardiac rehabilitation using random effect analysis WMD: Weighted mean difference; CI: Confidence interval
Figure 4
Figure 4
Forest plots of total cholesterol serum level differences between the intervention and control groups after cardiac rehabilitation using random effect analysis WMD: Weighted mean difference; CI: Confidence interval
Figure 5
Figure 5
Forest plots of triglyceride serum level differences between the intervention and control groups after cardiac rehabilitation using random effect analysis WMD: Weighted mean difference; CI: Confidence interval
Figure 6
Figure 6
Metafunnel plot of high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and triglyceride serum level analyses based on Egger’s test *All plots represent pseudo 95% confidence intervals. WMD: Weighted mean difference; HLD: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides
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