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. 2021 Jan 6;9(2):1232-1239.
doi: 10.1002/fsn3.2115. eCollection 2021 Feb.

Effects of Gouda cheese and Allium hookeri on thermogenesis in mice

Yong-An Kim  1 , Sang-Soo Lee  1 , Jayeon Yoo  2 , Eun-Mi Kim  3 , Myoung Soo Nam  4 , Kee K Kim  1
Affiliations

Effects of Gouda cheese and Allium hookeri on thermogenesis in mice

Yong-An Kim et al. Food Sci Nutr. .

Abstract

Cheese contains various beneficial nutrients, including calcium and whey protein, as well as large amounts of saturated fatty acids. Thus, intake of cheese increases the production of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), a well-defined risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, identification of natural products that inhibit LDL-C production following cheese intake and verification of the efficacy of such products in animal models are essential. Here, we evaluated the effects of Allium hookeri, a well-known traditional herbal remedy, on metabolism and thermogenesis in mice consuming a cheese-containing diet. Intake of A. hookeri extracts significantly blocked increases in body weight and fat mass caused by intake of Gouda cheese in mice. Additionally, increases in blood triglyceride levels following intake of Gouda cheese were alleviated by A. hookeri. Moreover, intake of Gouda cheese enhanced thermogenesis efficiency. Thus, A. hookeri may have applications as an important additive for reducing the risk of metabolic disease resulting from cheese consumption.

Keywords: Allium hookeri; brown adipose tissue; cheese; gastrocnemius muscle; thermogenesis; white adipose tissue.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Changes in body weight gain, food intake, food efficiency ratio, and relative organ weights of mice fed experimental diets. Mice   were provided a normal diet, cheese (40% of feed), or cheese‐containing Allium hookeri (40% of feed) for 6 weeks. All experimental data are presented as means ± standard deviations (n = 6/group, NS, no statistical significance; *, P < .05; paired t‐test)
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Serum lipid, creatine kinase, GOT, BUN, glucose, HDL, and LDL levels in mice fed experimental diets. BUN, blood urea nitrogen; GOT, glutamic‐oxaloacetic transaminase; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein (n = 6/group, NS, no statistical significance; *, P < .05; paired t‐test)
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Effects of cheese with Allium hookeri on exercise function and thermogenesis. Metabolic effects of cheese and cheese with A. hookeri in (a) endurance exercise tests and (b) core temperature analyses. Data are presented as means ± standard errors (n = 6/group, NS, no statistical significance; *, P < .05; paired t‐test)
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Effect of cheese with Allium hookeri on mRNA levels of metabolism‐related genes in BAT, WAT, and GAS. FAS, fatty acid synthase; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; C/EBPα, CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α(n = 6/group, NS, no statistical significance; *, P < .05; paired t‐test)
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