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. 2021 Feb 10:14:45-57.
doi: 10.2147/CEG.S289269. eCollection 2021.

Epidemiology of Pancreatic Cancer in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Analysis of Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosed in Saudi Arabia Between 2004 and 2015

Ibrahim G Alghamdi  1 , Majid Almadi  2   3 , Fahad Alsohaibani  4 , Mahmoud Mosli  5 , Edward B De Vol  6 , Faisal Abaalkhail  7   8 , Faisal A AlSaif  9 , Waleed K Al-Hamoudi  10 , Nasser Al-Sanea  11   12   13 , Mazen Hassanain  9   14 , Saleh A Alqahtani  6   15   16
Affiliations

Epidemiology of Pancreatic Cancer in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Analysis of Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosed in Saudi Arabia Between 2004 and 2015

Ibrahim G Alghamdi et al. Clin Exp Gastroenterol. .

Abstract

Purpose: Over the last decades, the incidence of pancreatic cancer has increased, particularly in countries with a higher socioeconomic status. The present work aimed to provide detailed epidemiological data on the incidence of pancreatic cancer in Saudi Arabia.

Patients and methods: In this retrospective descriptive study, the epidemiological data on pancreatic cancer cases diagnosed in 13 administrative regions of Saudi Arabia between January 2004 and December 2015 were extracted from the Saudi Cancer Registry. The frequency, the crude incidence rate (CIR), and the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), stratified by geographical region, gender, and the year of diagnosis, were analyzed.

Results: From January 2004 to December 2015, a total of 2338 cases of pancreatic cancer were registered, including 1443 males and 895 females. The overall CIR was 1.28/100,000 among males and 0.80/100,000 in females, with an overall ASIR of 2.26 and 1.41/100,000 for males and females, respectively. Higher ASIR and CIR were observed among males than females (ratio 1.6). In both genders, the ASIR of pancreatic cancer increased with increasing age, with the highest incidence in patients aged 70 years or more. The ASIR in the Eastern Region (3.2/100,000) and the regions of Riyadh (3.0/100,000) and Tabuk (2.6/100,000) proved to be significantly higher than in the other regions of the country. Among women, the ASIR was significantly higher in Riyadh (2.3/100,000), the northern region (2.2/100,000), and Tabuk (2.0/100,000).

Conclusion: This study revealed a slight increase of the CIR and ASIR of pancreatic cancer among males and females of the Saudi population. Eastern region, Riyadh, and Tabuk had the highest overall ASIRs of pancreatic cancer among males, Riyadh, Northern region, and Tabuk among Saudi females. The area least affected by pancreatic cancer was observed in Jazan among male and female Saudis. The rates of pancreatic cancer in Saudi Arabia were significantly higher among males compared with female Saudis. Further analytical studies are needed to identify the potential risk factors for pancreatic cancer among the Saudi population.

Keywords: Middle-East; Saudi Arabia; epidemiology; incidence; pancreatic cancer.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Continue.
Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) The total number and percentage of pancreatic cancer cases among male Saudis, with delta values from 2004 to 2015. (B) The total number and percentage of pancreatic cancer cases among female Saudis, with delta values from 2004 to 2015.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Overall incidence rate (age-specific) of pancreatic cancer cases among both Saudi genders.
Figure 3
Figure 3
CIR of pancreatic cancer cases among both Saudi genders.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Overall CIR of pancreatic cancer cases among both Saudi genders by region.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The ASIR of pancreatic cancer cases among both Saudi genders.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Overall ASIR of pancreatic cancer cases among both Saudi genders by region.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The differences in the CIR and ASIR of pancreatic cancer in Saudi Arabia.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Summary results of pancreatic cancer in Saudi Arabia.
Figure 9
Figure 9
ASIR of pancreatic cancer (world) in 2018, all ages, both genders.
Figure 10
Figure 10
ASMR of pancreatic cancer (world) in 2018, all ages, both genders.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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