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Review
. 2021 Jan 31:2021:8860784.
doi: 10.1155/2021/8860784. eCollection 2021.

An Updated Review on the Secondary Metabolites and Biological Activities of Aspergillus ruber and Aspergillus flavus and Exploring the Cytotoxic Potential of Their Isolated Compounds Using Virtual Screening

Fadia S Youssef  1 , Abdel Nasser B Singab  1   2
Affiliations
Review

An Updated Review on the Secondary Metabolites and Biological Activities of Aspergillus ruber and Aspergillus flavus and Exploring the Cytotoxic Potential of Their Isolated Compounds Using Virtual Screening

Fadia S Youssef et al. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. .

Abstract

The secondary metabolites and biological activities of Aspergillus ruber and Aspergillus flavus were comprehensively reported. About 70 compounds were isolated from both species that belong to different classes using conventional and advanced chromatographic techniques and unambiguously elucidated employing one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D NMR) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Some of them displayed promising antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. In silico studies were conducted on human cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK-2), human DNA topoisomerase II (TOP-2), and matrix metalloprotinase 13 (MMP-13) in an effort to explore the cytotoxic potential of the diverse compounds obtained from both Aspergillus species. 1,6,8-Trihydroxy-4-benzoyloxy-3-methylanthraquinone (23) revealed the most firm fitting with the active pockets of CDK-2 and MMP-13; meanwhile, variecolorin H alkaloid (14) showed the highest fitting within TOP-2 with ∆G equals to -36.51 kcal/mole. Thus, fungal metabolites could offer new drug entities for combating cancer. Relevant data about both Aspergillus species up to August 2020 were gathered from various databases comprising Scifinder (https://scifinder.cas.org/scifinder/login) for secondary metabolite-related studies; meanwhile, for biology-related articles, data were collected from both PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/) and Web of Knowledge (http://www.webofknowledge.com) as well.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Secondary metabolites isolated from Aspergillus ruber.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Secondary metabolites isolated from Aspergillus flavus.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Secondary metabolites isolated from Aspergillus flavus (continued).
Figure 4
Figure 4
2D and 3D binding mode of 1,6,8-trihydroxy-4-benzoyloxy-3-methylanthraquinone (23) in the active center of human cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK-2) (a), variecolorin H (14) in the active center of DNA topoisomerase II (TOP-2) (b), and 1,6,8-trihydroxy-4-benzoyloxy-3 methylanthraquinone (23) in the active center of matrix metalloprotinase 13 (MMP-13) (c) active centers using C-docker protocol.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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