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Meta-Analysis
. 2021 Feb 19;16(2):e0247005.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247005. eCollection 2021.

Prevalence and associated factors of post-partum depression in Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis

Tadele Amare Zeleke  1 , Wondale Getinet  1 , Zemenu Tadesse Tessema  2 , Kassahun Gebeyehu  3
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Prevalence and associated factors of post-partum depression in Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis

Tadele Amare Zeleke et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: Globally, post-partum depression is a major public health problem and is associated with a harmful effect on the infant, child, and mothers' mental, physical, and social health. Although a few post-partum depression studies have been published, we still lack an accurate estimated pooled prevalence of national PPD and associated factors.

Objectives: This study aims to show the estimated pooled prevalence of PPD and associated factors in Ethiopia.

Methods: We conduct the extensive search of articles as indicated in the guideline (PRISMA), reporting systematic review and meta-analysis. Databases like MEDLINE, PubMed, psych INFO, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, and The Cochrane Library. All publications and grey literature were addressed by using MeSH terms and keywords. The pooled estimated effect of post-partum depression and associated factors was analyzed using the random effect model meta-analysis, and 95% CI was also considered.

Protocol and registration: PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020176769 Available from https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020176769.

Result: A total of 11 studies with 7,582 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The estimated pooled prevalence of post-partum depression (PPD) was 22.08%, with a 95% CI (17.66%, 26.49). For factors associated with post-partum depression, a random effect size model was used during meta-analysis; unplanned pregnancy [(OR = 2.84; 95% CI (2.04, 3.97)], domestic violence [OR = 3.14; 95% CI (2.59, 3.80)], and poor social support [OR = 3.57;95% CI (2.29,5.54) were positively associated factors with post-partum depression.

Conclusion and recommendation: The estimated pooled prevalence of post-partum depression was high in Ethiopia. Unplanned pregnancy, poor social support, and domestic violence were factors affecting PPD. Therefore, the Ethiopian policymakers and health personnel better give more emphasis to mothers who had a history of unplanned pregnancy, domestic violence, and poor social support.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Flow chart showing how was the research articles were searched, 2020.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Forest plot presenting of publication bias of post-partum depression among after child giving mothers, Ethiopia, 2020.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Forest plot presenting to show not having a single study influences the overall meta-analysis estimated of post-partum depression among after child giving mothers, Ethiopia, 2020.
Fig 4
Fig 4. The estimated pooled prevalence of post-partum depression among mothers after giving birth in Ethiopia, 2020.
Fig 5
Fig 5. Forest plot presenting of subgroup analysis of the pooled estimated prevalence of post-partum depression based on tools in Ethiopia, 2020.
Fig 6
Fig 6. Forest plot pooled random effect size (OR) of unplanned pregnancy-related to planned pregnancy in post-partum depression among mothers in Ethiopia, 2020.
Fig 7
Fig 7. Forest plot pooled random effect size (OR) of poor social support related to strong social support in post-partum depression among mothers in Ethiopia, 2020.
Fig 8
Fig 8. Forest plot pooled random effect size (OR) of domestic violence related to no domestic violence in post-partum depression among mothers in Ethiopia, 2020.
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