Reciprocal and nonreciprocal social support: contrasting sides of intimate relationships

Abstract

This study focused on the perception of reciprocal and nonreciprocal support within the natural support network of family and friends. Data from a national probability sample of 718 middle-aged and older adults were examined. Hypotheses based on equity theory were developed to test the effect of perceived reciprocated versus nonreciprocated confiding and sick care vis-à-vis spouse, children, and friends. Initial results indicated that the modal response for all age groups was reciprocated confiding and sick care. However, a closer examination revealed a complex pattern of the extent and effects of perceived support when considering different relationships. These findings are discussed within a life-course perspective with individuals providing and receiving support over time.