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. 2021 Feb 9:9:e10807.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.10807. eCollection 2021.

Synopsis of Ecuadorian Pterichis (Orchidaceae)

Marta Kolanowska  1   2 , Dariusz L Szlachetko  3 , Sławomir Nowak  3
Affiliations

Synopsis of Ecuadorian Pterichis (Orchidaceae)

Marta Kolanowska et al. PeerJ. .

Abstract

A taxonomic synopsis of the orchid genus Pterichis in Ecuador is presented. All national representatives of this genus are characterized and their floral segments are illustrated. Four new species and two new varieties are described. An updated key to Ecuadorian Pterichis is provided. Plants of the genus are growing mostly as terrestrial herbs at the altitude of 2,300-4,110 m. Often two or more species co-occur in the area of 25 × 25 km. Their occurrence was reported from three ecoregions-the Eastern Cordillera real montane forests, the Northern Andean páramo and the Northwestern Andean montane forests. Seven Ecuadorian Pterichis are endemic.

Keywords: Biodiversity; Cranichideae; Distribution; Neotropics; New species; Taxonomy.

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Conflict of interest statement

Marta Kolanowska is an Academic Editor for PeerJ.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Altitudinal ranges of Ecuadorian Pterichis.
Chart prepared in Microsoft Excel.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Terrestrial ecoregions of Ecuador with location of Pterichis populations.
Ecoregion codes: NT0107—Caqueta moist forests, NT0109—Cauca Valley montane forests, NT0115—Chocó-Darién moist forests, NT0118—Cordillera Oriental montane forests, NT0121—Eastern Cordillera real montane forests, NT0128—Iquitos várzea, NT0136—Magdalena Valley montane forests, NT0142—Napo moist forests, NT0145—Northwestern Andean montane forests, NT0153—Peruvian Yungas, NT0156—Purus várzea, NT0163—Solimões-Japurá moist forests, NT0166—Southwest Amazon moist forests, NT0174—Ucayali moist forests, NT0178—Western Ecuador moist forests, NT0207—Cauca Valley dry forests, NT0214—Ecuadorian dry forests, NT0221—Magdalena Valley dry forests, NT0223—Marañón dry forests, NT0225—Patía Valley dry forests, NT0232—Tumbes-Piura dry forests, NT0905—Guayaquil flooded grasslands, NT1004—Cordillera Central páramo, NT1006—Northern Andean páramo, NT1315—Sechura desert, NT1405—South American Pacific mangroves. Map prepared in ArcGIS 9.3 (Esri, Redlands, CA, USA).
Figure 3
Figure 3. Richness of Pterichis species in Ecuador.
Map prepared in ArcGIS 9.3 (Esri, Redlands, CA, USA) using outcomes of species richness analysis conducted in DIVA-GIS.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Ecuadorian Pterichis sect. Pterichis (A–C) and sect. Acraea (D and E).
(A–C) P. acuminata. (D) P. multiflora. (E) P. triloba. Photos: M. Kolanowska.
Figure 5
Figure 5. Habit of Ecuadorian Pterichis sect. Pterichis (A–G) and sect. Acraea (H–P).
(A) Pterichis acuminata—Dodson & Chase 17200 (RPSC). (B) Pterichis aragogiana—Holm-Nielsen et al. 29519 (AAU). (C) Pterichis diuris—Funck & Schlim 1218 (W). (D) Pterichis galeata—Ulloa et al. 92355 (AAU). (E) Pterichis meirax—Jameson s.n. (W). (F) Pterichis ansaloniana—Ulloa et al. 1361 (HA). (G) Pterichis madsenii—Madsen & Ellemann 75293 (AAU). (H) Pterichis elliptica—528. (I) Pterichis habenarioides—Huttel 528 (QCNE). (J) Pterichis multiflora—Løjtnant & Molau 13910 (AAU). (K) Pterichis parvifolia—Álvarez et al. 2613 (QCNE). (L) Pterichis pauciflora—Minga & Verdugo 2530 (HA). (M) Pterichis seleniglossa—Dodson et al. 16396 (QCNE). (N) Pterichis triloba—Dodson et al. 10837 (Q). (O) Pterichis tunguraguona—Holm-Nielsen et al. 5108 (AAU). (Q) Pterichis hirtziana—van der Werff & Palacios 8956 (QCNE). (P) Pterichis dodsoniana—Holm-Nielsen et al. 4767 (AAU).
Figure 6
Figure 6. Pterichis acuminata Schltr.
(A) Floral bract. (B) Dorsal sepal. (C) Lateral sepal. (D) Petal. (E) Lip. Scale bars = 1 mm. Drawn by S. Nowak from Suin & Guartán 1014 (QCNE).
Figure 7
Figure 7. Pterichis aragogiana Szlach. & Kolan.
(A) Dorsal sepal. (B) Lateral sepal. (C) Petal. (D) Lip. Scale bars = 1 mm. Drawn by N. Olędrzyńska from Holm-Nielsen & al. 29519 (AAU).
Figure 8
Figure 8. Pterichis diuris Rchb. f.
(A) Dorsal sepal. (B) Lateral sepal. (C) Petal. (D) Lip. Scale bars = 1 mm. Drawn by S. Nowak from Holm-Nielsen & al. 17385 (AAU).
Figure 9
Figure 9. Pterichis galeata Lindl.
(A) Floral bract. (B) Dorsal sepal. (C) Lateral sepal. (D) Petal. (E) Lip. Scale bars = 1 mm. Drawn by S. Nowak from Ulloa & al. 92355 (AAU).
Figure 10
Figure 10. Pterichis meirax Rchb. f. ex Szlach. & Kolan.
(A) Floral bract. (B) Dorsal sepal. (C) Lateral sepal. (D) Petal. (E) Lip. Scale bars = 1 mm. Drawn by S. Nowak from Løjtnant & al. 13755 (AAU).
Figure 11
Figure 11. Pterichis ansaloniana Kolan., Szlach. & S. Nowak, sp. nov.
(A) Floral bract. (B) Dorsal sepal. (C) Lateral sepal. (D) Petal. (E) Lip. Scale bars = 1 mm. Drawn by S. Nowak from Ulloa & al. 1361 (HA).
Figure 12
Figure 12. Pterichis madsenii Kolan., Szlach. & S. Nowak, sp. nov.
(A) Floral bract. (B) Dorsal sepal. (C) Lateral sepal. (D) Petal. (E) Lip. Scale bars = 1 mm. Drawn by S. Nowak from Madsen & Ellemann 75293 (AAU).
Figure 13
Figure 13. Pterichis elliptica Kolan. & Szlach.
(A) Floral bract. (B) Dorsal sepal. (C) Lateral sepal. (D) Petal. (E) Lip. Scale bars = 1 mm. Drawn by S. Nowak from Huttel 528 (QCNE).
Figure 14
Figure 14. Pterichis elliptica var. ecuadorensis Kolan., Szlach. & S. Nowak, var. nov.
(A) Floral bract. (B) Dorsal sepal. (C) Lateral sepal. (D) Petal. (E) Lip. Scale bars = 1 mm. Drawn by S. Nowak from Teran & Quela 26 (QAP).
Figure 15
Figure 15. Pterichis habenarioides (F. Lehm. & Kraenzl.) Schltr.
(A) Floral bract. (B) Dorsal sepal. (C) Lateral sepal. (D) Petal. (E) Lip. Scale bars = 1 mm. Drawn by S. Nowak from Narváez 586 (QCNE).
Figure 16
Figure 16. Pterichis multiflora var. ecuadorensis Kolan., Szlach. & S. Nowak, var. nov.
(A) Floral bract. (B) Dorsal sepal. (C) Lateral sepal. (D) Petal. (E) Lip. Scale bars = 1 mm. Drawn by S. Nowak from Madsen 86746 (AAU).
Figure 17
Figure 17. Pterichis multiflora var. ecuadorensis Kolan., Szlach. & S. Nowak, var. nov.
(A) Floral bract. (B) Dorsal sepal. (C) Lateral sepal. (D) Petal. (E) Lip. Scale bars = 1 mm. Drawn by S. Nowak from Clark & Fair 3459 (QCNE).
Figure 18
Figure 18. Pterichis parvifolia (Lindl.) Schltr.
(A) Dorsal sepal. (B) Lateral sepal. (C) Petal. (D) Lip. Scale bars = 1 mm. Drawn by S. Nowak from Øllgard & al. 34471 (AAU).
Figure 19
Figure 19. Pterichis pauciflora Schltr.
(A) Dorsal sepal. (B) Lateral sepal. (C) Petal. (D) Lip. Scale bars = 1 mm. Drawn by S. Nowak from Holm-Nielsen al. 17247 (AAU).
Figure 20
Figure 20. Pterichis seleniglossa Schltr.
(A) Floral bract. (B) Dorsal sepal. (C) Lateral sepal. (D) Petal. (E) Lip. Scale bars = 1 mm. Drawn by S. Nowak from Dodson & al. 16396 (QCNE).
Figure 21
Figure 21. Pterichis triloba (Lindl.) Schltr.
(A) Dorsal sepal. (B) Lateral sepal. (C) Petal. (D) Lip. Scale bars = 1 mm. Drawn by S. Nowak from Benoiss 2315 (Q).
Figure 22
Figure 22. Pterichis tunguraguona Rchb. f. ex Szlach. & Kolan.
(A) Lateral sepal. (B) Dorsal sepal. (C) Petal. (D) Lip, front view. (E) Lip, lateral view. Scale bars = 1 mm. Drawn by A. Król from Jameson s.n. (holotype W).
Figure 23
Figure 23. Pterichis hirtziana Kolan., Szlach. & S. Nowak, sp. nov.
(A) Floral bract. (B) Dorsal sepal. (C) Lateral sepal. (D) Petal. (E) Lip. Scale bars = 1 mm. Drawn by S. Nowak from van der Werff & Palacios 8956 (QCNE).
Figure 24
Figure 24. Pterichis dodsoniana Kolan., Szlach. & S. Nowak, sp. nov.
(A) Floral bract. (B) Dorsal sepal. (C) Lateral sepal. (D) Petal. (E) Lip. Scale bars = 1 mm. Drawn by S. Nowak from Holm-Nielsen & al. 4767 (AAU).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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