Advanced Research of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms on Metabolism

Abstract

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a cardiovascular disease with a high risk of death, seriously threatening the life and health of people. The specific pathogenesis of AAA is still not fully understood. In recent years, researchers have found that amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism disorders play important roles in the occurrence and development of AAA. This review is aimed to summarize the latest research progress of the relationship between AAA progression and body metabolism. The body metabolism is closely related to the occurrence and development of AAA. It is necessary to further investigate the pathogenesis of AAA from the perspective of metabolism to provide theoretical basis for AAA diagnosis and drug development.

Keywords: abdominal aortic aneurysm; diabetes mellitus; hyperlipidemias; metabolism; pathogenesis.

Figure 1

Relationship between amino acid and glucose metabolism and abdominal aortic aneurysm. ERK, extracellular regulated protein kinases; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; ECM, extracellular matrix; AAA, abdominal aortic aneurysm; AMPK. AMP-activated protein kinase; SMC, smooth muscle cell; IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; 3-HK, 3-hydroxykynurenine; KNU, kynureninase; 3-HAA, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid; NFκB, nuclear factor kappa B; SAA, serum amyloid A; TIMP-1, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1; GSH, Glutathione; AGE, advanced glycation end-product; HIF-1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.

Figure 2

Relationship between lipid metabolism and abdominal aortic aneurysm. ECM, extracellular matrix; AAA, abdominal aortic aneurysm; SMC, smooth muscle cell; LP(a), lipoprotein(a); LC n-3 PUFAs, long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; TXA2, thromboxane A2; LTB4, leukotriene B4; CYP2J2, Cytochrome P450 epoxygenase 2J2; EETs, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ.