. 2021 Mar 19;24(3):102188.

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102188. Epub 2021 Feb 12.

Pre-existing conditions in Hispanics/Latinxs that are COVID-19 risk factors

Timothy S Chang¹, Yi Ding^{2

3}, Malika K Freund^{3

4}, Ruth Johnson^{3

5}, Tommer Schwarz^{2

3}, Julie M Yabu⁶, Chad Hazlett^{7

8}, Jeffrey N Chiang⁹, David A Wulf⁷; UCLA Precision Health Data Discovery Repository Working Group; Daniel H Geschwind^{1

4

10}, Manish J Butte^{11

12}, Bogdan Pasaniuc^{2

3

4

9}

Collaborators, Affiliations

Collaborators

UCLA Precision Health Data Discovery Repository Working Group:
Anna L Antonio, Maryam Ariannejad, Angela M Badillo, Brunilda Balliu, Yael Berkovich, Michael Broudy, Tony Dang, Chris Denny, Eleazar Eskin, Eran Halperin, Brian L Hill, Ankur Jain, Vivek Katakwar, Clara Lajonchere, Clara Magyar, Sheila Minton, Ghouse Mohammed, Ariff Muhamed, Pabba Pavan, Michael A Pfeffer, Nadav Rakocz, Akos Rudas, Rey Salonga, Timothy J Sanders, Paul Tung, Vu Vu, Ailsa Zheng

Affiliations

¹ Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
² Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
³ Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
⁴ Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
⁵ Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
⁶ Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
⁷ Department of Political Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
⁸ Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
⁹ Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
¹⁰ Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
¹¹ Divisions of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
¹² Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

PMID: 33615196
PMCID: PMC7879099
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102188

Pre-existing conditions in Hispanics/Latinxs that are COVID-19 risk factors

Timothy S Chang et al. iScience. 2021.

. 2021 Mar 19;24(3):102188.

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102188. Epub 2021 Feb 12.

Authors

Collaborators

UCLA Precision Health Data Discovery Repository Working Group:
Anna L Antonio, Maryam Ariannejad, Angela M Badillo, Brunilda Balliu, Yael Berkovich, Michael Broudy, Tony Dang, Chris Denny, Eleazar Eskin, Eran Halperin, Brian L Hill, Ankur Jain, Vivek Katakwar, Clara Lajonchere, Clara Magyar, Sheila Minton, Ghouse Mohammed, Ariff Muhamed, Pabba Pavan, Michael A Pfeffer, Nadav Rakocz, Akos Rudas, Rey Salonga, Timothy J Sanders, Paul Tung, Vu Vu, Ailsa Zheng

Affiliations

¹ Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
² Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
³ Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
⁴ Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
⁵ Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
⁶ Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
⁷ Department of Political Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
⁸ Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
⁹ Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
¹⁰ Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
¹¹ Divisions of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
¹² Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

PMID: 33615196
PMCID: PMC7879099
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102188

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has exposed health care disparities in minority groups including Hispanics/Latinxs (HL). Studies of COVID-19 risk factors for HL have relied on county-level data. We investigated COVID-19 risk factors in HL using individual-level, electronic health records in a Los Angeles health system between March 9, 2020, and August 31, 2020. Of 9,287 HL tested for SARS-CoV-2, 562 were positive. HL constituted an increasing percentage of all COVID-19 positive individuals as disease severity escalated. Multiple risk factors identified in Non-Hispanic/Latinx whites (NHL-W), like renal disease, also conveyed risk in HL. Pre-existing nonrheumatic mitral valve disorder was a risk factor for HL hospitalization but not for NHL-W COVID-19 or HL influenza hospitalization, suggesting it may be a specific HL COVID-19 risk. Admission laboratory values also suggested that HL presented with a greater inflammatory response. COVID-19 risk factors for HL can help guide equitable government policies and identify at-risk populations.

Keywords: public health; virology.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Flow diagram of subjects included in COVID-19 susceptibility, inpatient, and severe analyses for pre-existing conditions and medications

**Figure 2**
Association of known risk factors with COVID-19 outcomes Odds ratios for known risk factor phecode categories correcting for age and sex in (A) COVID-19 positive versus negative, (B) COVID-19 positive Inpatient versus Outpatient, and (C) COVID-19 positive Inpatient Severe versus Not Severe. Hispanics/Latinxs (blue) and Non-Hispanic/Latinx whites (purple). 95% confidence intervals for odds ratios are shown. Solid lines indicate risk factors that are nominally significant. Dotted lines are not nominally significant. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Related to Table S1.

**Figure 3**
Significant pre-existing condition risk factors for COVID-19 inpatient admission correcting for age and sex grouped by phecode category, related to Tables S3, S4, S5, S6, and S7 Hispanics/Latinxs (blue) and Non-Hispanic/Latinx whites (purple). 95% confidence intervals for odds ratios are shown. Solid lines indicate risk factors that are Bonferroni significant. Dotted lines are not Bonferroni significant. inf, infectious; heme, hematopoietic; Bonf, Bonferroni

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Pre-existing conditions in Hispanics/Latinxs that are COVID-19 risk factors

Collaborators

Affiliations

Pre-existing conditions in Hispanics/Latinxs that are COVID-19 risk factors

Authors

Collaborators

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources

Miscellaneous