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. 2021 Feb 12:2021:6652250.
doi: 10.1155/2021/6652250. eCollection 2021.

Comparing the Effectiveness of Different Dentinal Desensitizing Agents: In Vitro Study

Mohideen S Farook  1 , Okba Mahmoud  2 , Maysara Adnan Ibrahim  3 , Marwah Berkathullah  4
Affiliations

Comparing the Effectiveness of Different Dentinal Desensitizing Agents: In Vitro Study

Mohideen S Farook et al. Biomed Res Int. .

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the in vitro effectiveness of desensitizing agents in reducing dentine permeability.

Methods: The efficacy of desensitizing agents in reducing dentine permeability by occluding dentine tubules was evaluated using a fluid filtration device that conducts at 100 cmH2O (1.4 psi) pressure, and SEM/EDX analyses were evaluated and compared. Forty-two dentine discs (n = 42) of 1 ± 0.2 mm width were obtained from caries-free permanent human molars. Thirty dentine discs (n = 30) were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 10): Group 1: 2.7% wt. monopotassium-monohydrogen oxalate (Mp-Mh oxalate), Group 2: RMGI XT VAR, and Group 3: LIQ SiO2. Dentine permeability was measured following treatment application after 10 minutes, storage in artificial saliva after 10 minutes and 7 days, and citric acid challenge for 3 minutes. Data were analysed with a repeated measures ANOVA test. Dentine discs (n = 12) were used for SEM/EDX analyses to acquire data on morphological changes on dentine surface and its mineral content after different stages of treatment.

Results: Desensitizing agents' application on the demineralized dentine discs exhibited significant reduction of permeability compared to its maximum acid permeability values. Mp-Mh oxalate showed a significant reduction in dentine permeability (p < 0.05) when compared to RMGI XT VAR and LIQ SiO2. On SEM/EDX analysis, all the agents formed mineral precipitates that occluded the dentine tubules.

Conclusions: 2.7% wt. monopotassium-monohydrogen oxalate was significantly effective in reducing dentine permeability compared to RMGI XT VAR and LIQ SiO2.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Experimental framework of “fluid filtration device.”
Figure 2
Figure 2
Flowchart of study design for analysing dentine permeability (LpT) and SEM/EDX of various dentine treatments.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) SEM image (7500x) and (b) EDX analysis. Dentine disc representing the patency of dentine tubules following the acid etching EDX analysis revealed high and low peaks of Ca and P, respectively.
Figure 4
Figure 4
SEM images (7500x) and EDX analysis of the dentine disc following the application of desensitizing agent. (a1) The etched dentine disc treated with Mp-Mh oxalate exhibited dense snowflake-like calcium oxalate crystals occluding dentine tubules whilst few tubules appeared patent. (a2) EDX analysis revealed high peaks of Ca and K. (b1) The application of RMGI XT VAR exhibits crystals like a cobblestone pattern masking the entire dentine surface. (b2) EDX analysis revealed a high level of Ca, Al, and Si with a low level of Na and P. (c1) LIQ SiO2 exhibit occlusion of dentine tubules by amorphous deposits with few vacant tubules. (c2) EDX analysis revealed a high peak of Ca, P, and F with a moderate level of Si.
Figure 5
Figure 5
SEM images (7500x) and EDX analysis of treated dentine disc immersed in artificial saliva for 10 minutes. (a1) Mp-Mh oxalate shows oxalate precipitate blocking some tubules while others are patent. (a2) EDX spectra show a high peak of Ca and K along with other minerals such as Al, Si, and F. (b1) RMGI XT VAR shows the presence of crystal deposits on the dentine surface with few open tubules. (b2) EDX spectra show a moderate level of Ca, Al, and Si. (c1) LIQ SiO2 show Si precipitate masking the dentine surface with few open tubules. (c2) EDX spectra show a high level of Ca, P, and F with a moderate level of Si.
Figure 6
Figure 6
SEM images (7500x) and EDX analysis of treated dentine disc following the immersion in artificial saliva for 7 days. (a1) Mp-Mh oxalate shows the oxalate precipitates over few dentinal tubules with some patent tubules. (a2) EDX analysis revealed moderate peaks of Ca and K and a low level of P. (b1) RMGI XT VAR show the cobblestone pattern of crystals covering the entire dentinal surface with few open tubules. (b2) EDX analysis revealed a low level of Ca, Al, and Si. (c1) LIQ SiO2 show interconnected Si precipitate with few open tubules. (c2) EDX analysis revealed high levels of Ca, P, F, and K along with a low level of Si.
Figure 7
Figure 7
SEM images (7500x) and EDX analysis of treated dentine disc following citric acid challenge for 3 minutes. (a1) Mp-Mh oxalate resulted in dissolution of the tubular plugs, yet some crystal deposits could be seen within the tubule. (a2) EDX analysis revealed a moderate level of Ca and traces of P. (b1) RMGI XT VAR show loss of crystal structures on the dentine surfaces with few deposits within the tubules. (b2) EDX analysis revealed a moderate level of Ca and K with traces of F, Al, Si, and P. (c1) LIQ SiO2 show the change in the morphology of the deposits covering dentine surfaces exposing few tubules. (c2) EDX analysis revealed high peaks of Ca and P and a low peak of Mg, Si, and F.
Figure 8
Figure 8
SEM image (7500x) of longitudinal section of etched dentine specimen treated with desensitizing agent for 10 minutes. (a) Mp-Mh oxalate exhibits the presence of oxalate crystals within the length of the tubules (arrowhead). (b) RMGI XT VAR shows some mineral deposits within the tubules (arrowhead). (c) The tubules appear to be vacant transversely along its length (arrowhead).
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