Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Feb 18:15:679-686.
doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S290396. eCollection 2021.

Can the Three-Dimensional Heads-Up Display Improve Ergonomics, Surgical Performance, and Ophthalmology Training Compared to Conventional Microscopy?

Halah Bin Helayel  1 , Sarah Al-Mazidi  2 , Adel AlAkeely  3
Affiliations

Can the Three-Dimensional Heads-Up Display Improve Ergonomics, Surgical Performance, and Ophthalmology Training Compared to Conventional Microscopy?

Halah Bin Helayel et al. Clin Ophthalmol. .

Abstract

Purpose: To explore ophthalmic surgeons' opinions regarding three-dimensional heads-up display (3D HUD) use and investigate musculoskeletal (MSK) complaints among ophthalmologists.

Methods: Physicians were invited to complete an online questionnaire. Musculoskeletal complaints and data of the HUD system use were correlated with demographic information. We explored surgeons' feedback on image quality, depth perception, and the educational value of 3D microscopy.

Results: In this study, the prevalence of self-reported MSK pain was 82.6% (n=132). The pain started after joining ophthalmology practice and significantly improves on weekends and vacations. We found that the pain intensity in non-HUD users is higher than in HUD users, but this correlation was not statistically significant. Sixty-one (84.7%) of HUD system users were satisfied with depth perception, and 27 (37.5%) reported improvement in peripheral acuity. Thirty-seven (51.4%) of the participants believed they perform surgeries better through HUD; this was why most participants (83.3%) recommended its use in surgical training.

Conclusion: Heads-up display use provides more comfortable sitting positions for surgeons, superior depth perception, and serves as a better educational tool. We believe that adopting this technology may help improve career longevity and productivity.

Keywords: ergonomics; heads-up display; ophthalmic surgery; three-dimensional visualization.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest for this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) Image showing a surgeon (Author A.A.) performing surgery through a heads-up display system. (B) Image showing a surgeon performing surgery through the conventional ophthalmic microscope (Courtesy of Dr Faisal AlQahtani, vitreoretinal division, KKESH). The surgeon in figure 1B provided informed consent for the image to be published.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Self-reported pain locations according to the study participants (n=123).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Level of experience among HUD users vs non-HUD users (**P <0.01).
Figure 4
Figure 4
The number of surgeries performed weekly in HUD users vs non-HUD users (***P <0.001).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Al-Marwani Al-Juhani M, Khandekar R, Al-Harby M, Al-Hassan A, Edward DP. Neck and upper back pain among eye care professionals. Occup Med (Lond). 2015;65(9):753–757. doi:10.1093/occmed/kqv132 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Venkatesh R, Kumar S. Back pain in ophthalmology: national survey of Indian ophthalmologists. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2017;65(8):678–682. doi:10.4103/ijo.IJO_344_17 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Hyer JN, Lee RM, Chowdhury HR, Smith HB, Dhital A, Khandwala M. National survey of back & neck pain amongst consultant ophthalmologists in the United Kingdom. Int Ophthalmol. 2015;35(6):769–775. doi:10.1007/s10792-015-0036-z - DOI - PubMed
    1. Dhimitri KC, McGwin G Jr, McNeal SF, et al. Symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders in ophthalmologists. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;139(1):179–181. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2004.06.091 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Epstein S, Sparer EH, Tran BN, et al. Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among surgeons and interventionalists: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Surg. 2018;153(2):e174947. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2017.4947 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources