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Observational Study
. 2021 Feb 1;22(2):633-640.
doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.633.

Analysis of the Immunoexpression of Opioid Receptors and their Correlation with Markers of Angiogenesis, Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Breast Cancer

Alceu Machado De Sousa  1 , Thinali Sousa Dantas  2 , Paulo Goberlânio De Barros Silva  2 , Conceição Da Silva Martins  1 , Gildenio Estevam Freire  1 , Howard Lopes Ribeiro Junior  1 , Gerly Anne De Castro Brito  1 , Karuza Maria Alves Pereira  1 , Renata Ferreira De Carvalho Leitão  1
Affiliations
Observational Study

Analysis of the Immunoexpression of Opioid Receptors and their Correlation with Markers of Angiogenesis, Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Breast Cancer

Alceu Machado De Sousa et al. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. .

Abstract

Objective: Breast cancer is a disease of great concern. The prognosis of this tumor is related to its staging. Opioids are widely used to minimize pain in oncology clinics; however, the relationship between the administration of opioids and their effects on tumor cells has yet to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the immunoexpression of mu- (μ) and kappa- (κ) opioid receptors and their correlation with markers of angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis in biopsies of breast tumors.

Methods: Demographic data, tumor characteristics, opioid use, and prognostic factors were collected from medical records. After the selection of the excisional biopsies, immunohistochemistry was performed for μ- and κ-opioid receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Ki-67, and TUNEL.

Results: A significant predominance of Ki-67 and μ-opioid receptor immunoexpression in the lymph nodes was observed in patients administered opioid medications. The luminal A subtype showed higher apoptosis levels (TUNEL) compared to the luminal B subtype. Patients with T4 tumor who had recurrence demonstrated a reduced expression of κ-opioid receptors at the lymph node location. Correlation analyses between the μ and κ opioid markers, VEGF, Ki-67, and TUNEL showed that these findings are likely involved in the same mechanisms the cancer of T4 stage breast cancer.

Conclusion: The κ-opioid receptor has a lower immunoexpression in nodal tumor metastasis with recurrence, whereas the μ-opioid receptor is directly related to expression of TUNEL-positive cells in tumors and indirectly to Ki-67 in nodal metastasis. Neither of the two receptors was expressed in the primary tumor or nodal metastasis in relation to VEGF.

Keywords: Luminal A; Prognosis; kappa-opioide receptor; luminal B; mu-opioide receptor.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Photomicrograph of Primary Tumor HE (A) peritumoral area HE (B) and lymph node metastasis HE (C), negative control HE (D, E, F), and immunohistochemical profile for Ki67 (G, H and I), TUNEL assay (J, L and M), opiate kappa receptor lymph node (N, O and P), Mu opioid (Q, R, S) and VEGF (T,U, V). 400X magnification
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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