Six-year bariatric surgery outcomes: the predictive and incremental validity of presurgical psychological testing

Abstract

Background: Research identifying preoperative psychosocial predictors of bariatric surgery outcomes has yielded inconsistent results with minimal examination of longer-term outcomes. Utilizing a broadband measure of personality and psychopathology during the preoperative evaluation helps to identify preoperative risk factors for suboptimal bariatric surgery outcomes.

Objective: Examine predictors of outcome and the incremental contribution of presurgical psychological testing to various long-term bariatric surgery outcomes.

Setting: Academic medical center.

Method: A total of 168 postoperative patients (average of 6 postoperative years) consented to participate in the outcome study. Participants were weighed by the trained research/clinical staff and completed a battery of self-report questionnaires, including measures assessing eating attitudes and behaviors and weight-related quality-of-life (QoL). Patients had completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) as part of the institution's routine preoperative psychosocial evaluation. Weight loss was calculated as percent total weight loss (%TWL) and percent weight regain (%WR) was calculated as a percentage of maximum weight loss. Other preoperative data were obtained from a review of each patient's electronic medical record (EMR). From the initial sample, 145 patients were retained for analyses in the present study.

Results: Preoperative problematic eating variables predicted long-term postoperative problematic eating behaviors and body image concerns. Scores on preoperative MMPI-2-RF scales measuring Demoralization, Dysfunctional Negative Emotions, Antisocial Behaviors, and Hypomanic Activation were consistent incremental predictors of 6-year outcomes, accounting for an additional 3%-24% of the variability in postoperative eating behaviors and QoL.

Conclusions: The preoperative psychological evaluation can be used to identify predictors of long-term bariatric surgery outcomes. Identification of these risk factors provides important targets for pre- and postoperative clinical interventions to maximize surgical outcomes.

Keywords: Bariatric surgery; Eating behaviors; Long-term outcomes; Quality-of-life; Weight regain.