Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: DGV's institution receives payment for his work as principal investigator on anti-seizure medication trials for SK Life Science and Xenon, Inc. EP received speaker's or consultancy fees from Amicus Therapeutics, Arvelle, Biogen, Corlieve, Eisai, GW Pharma, Intas Pharmaceuticals, Laboratorios Bagò, Sanofi, Sun Pharma, UCB Pharma, and Xenon Pharma. JWS reports personal fees from Eisai, UCB, Arvelle, and Zogenix. MB received speaker's or consultancy fees from Arvelle therapeutics, Eisai, GSK, GW Pharma, UCB Pharma, and Zogenix. MK receives salary support from the Fonds de Recherche Québec—Santé (chercheur-clinicien junior 1), reports unrestricted educational grants from UCB and Eisai, and research grants for investigator-initiated studies from UCB and Eisai, as well as research grants from the Canadian Frailty Network, the Savoy Foundation, and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. OD has equity interests in Qstate Biosciences, Tevard Biosciences, Regel Therapeutics and Script Biosciences, Tilray, Receptor Life Sciences, Empatica, Engage, Papa & Barkley, Rettco, SilverSpike, and California Cannabis Enterprises (CCE). He is an investigator for PTC Therapeutics, Inc., Stoke Therapeutics, Marinus, Ovid, and GW Pharmaceuticals. He is supported by Finding a Cure for Epilepsy and Seizures (FACES), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Multidisciplinary University Research Initiatives (MURI), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and National Science Foundation (NSF). RDT receives research support from Medtronic, Dutch Epilepsy Foundation, “De Christelijke Vereniging voor de Verpleging van Lijders aan Epilepsie,” Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMW) and received consultancy fees as speaker or consultant from Theravance Biopharma, Arvelle, and fees for lectures from Medtronic, UCB and Novartis. DSA, LB, and TEW have no conflicts of interest to disclose. JAF receives NYU salary support from the Epilepsy Foundation and for consulting work and/or attending Scientific Advisory Boards on behalf of the Epilepsy Study Consortium for Adamas, Aeonian/Aeovian, Anavex, Arvelle Therapeutics, Inc., Athenen Therapeutics/Carnot Pharma, Axovant, Baergic Bio, Biogen, Biomotiv/Koutif, BioXcel Therapeutics, Blackfynn, Bloom Science, Bridge Valley Ventures, Cavion, Cerebral Therapeutics, Cerevel, Crossject, CuroNZ, Eisai, Eliem Therapeutics, Encoded Therapeutics, Engage Therapeutics, Engrail, Epiminder, Epitel, Equilibre, Fortress Biotech, Greenwich Biosciences, GW Pharma, Idorsia, Ionis, Janssen Pharmaceutica, J&J Pharmaceuticals, Knopp Biosciences, Lundbeck, Marinus, Mend Neuroscience, Merck, NeuCyte, Inc., Neurelis, Neurocrine, Novartis, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development, Ovid Therapeutics Inc., Passage Bio, Pfizer, Praxis, Redpin, Sage, Shire, SK Life Sciences, Sofinnova, Springworks, Stoke, Sunovion, Supernus, Takeda, UCB Inc., West Therapeutic Development, Xenon, Xeris, Zogenix, Zynerba; has received research grants from Biogen, Cavion, Eisai, Engage, GW Pharma, Lundbeck, Neurelis, Ovid, Pfizer, SK Life Sciences, Sunovion, UCB, Xenon and Zogenix as well as grants from the Epilepsy Research Foundation, Epilepsy Study Consortium, and NINDS; is on the editorial board of Lancet Neurology and Neurology Today; is Chief Medical/Innovation Officer for the Epilepsy Foundation for which NYU receives salary support; and has received travel reimbursement related to research, advisory meetings, or presentation of results at scientific meetings from the Epilepsy Study Consortium, the Epilepsy Foundation, Adamas, Arvelle Therapeutics, Inc., Axovant, Biogen, Blackfynn, Cerevel, Crossject, CuroNz, Eisai, Engage, Idorsia, Lundbeck, NeuCyte, Inc., Neurelis, Novartis, Otsuka, Ovid, Pfizer, Redpin, Sage, SK Life Science, Sunovion, Takeda, UCB, Xenon, Zogenix.
