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. 2021 Feb 12:11:602608.
doi: 10.3389/fgene.2020.602608. eCollection 2020.

Amazonia Seasons Have an Influence in the Composition of Bacterial Gut Microbiota of Mangrove Oysters (Crassostrea gasar)

Marcos Vinícius Reis Conceição  1   2 , Sávio Souza Costa  1   2 , Ana Paula Schaan  3 , Ândrea Kely Campos Ribeiro-Dos-Santos  3 , Artur Silva  1   2 , Diego Assis das Graças  1   2 , Maria Paula Cruz Schneider  1   2 , Rafael Azevedo Baraúna  1   2
Affiliations

Amazonia Seasons Have an Influence in the Composition of Bacterial Gut Microbiota of Mangrove Oysters (Crassostrea gasar)

Marcos Vinícius Reis Conceição et al. Front Genet. .

Abstract

The mangrove oysters (Crassostrea gasar) are molluscs native to the Amazonia region and their exploration and farming has increased considerably in recent years. These animals are farmed on beds built in the rivers of the Amazonia estuaries and, therefore, the composition of their microbiome should be directly influenced by environmental conditions. Our work aimed to evaluate the changes in bacterial composition of oyster's microbiota at two different seasons (rainy and dry). For this purpose, we amplified and sequenced the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Sequencing was performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform. According to the rarefaction curve, the sampling effort was sufficient to describe the bacterial diversity in the samples. Alpha-diversity indexes showed that the bacterial microbiota of oysters is richer during the rainy season. This richness is possibly associated with the diversity at lower taxonomic levels, since the relative abundance of bacterial phyla in the two seasons remained relatively constant. The main phyla found include Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Similar results were found for the species Crassostrea gigas, Crassostrea sikamea, and Crassostrea corteziensis. Beta-diversity analysis showed that the bacterial composition of oyster's gut microbiota was quite different in the two seasons. Our data demonstrate the close relationship between the environment and the microbiome of these molluscs, reinforcing the need for conservation and sustainable management of estuaries in the Amazonia.

Keywords: Amazonia; Crassostrea gasar; mangrove oyster; oyster; oyster microbiota.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) Rarefaction curve of estimated OTUs in the 16S rDNA libraries. Samples from the rainy season (blue dotted lines) are notoriously richer compared to the dry season (red dotted lines). (B) Histogram of bacterial phyla diversity found in each replicate sequenced. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the most abundant phyla. No considerable difference can be noted in the relative abundance of these phyla. (C) Histogram of bacterial classes.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Alpha-diversity indexes comparing the two seasons analyzed. In all cases, the rainy season samples showed higher levels of diversity.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) Heatmap comparing the relative abundance of bacterial classes. The yellow square highlights the classes with higher relative abundance in each season. The dendogram on the left side reinforces the difference in the composition of bacterial classes in each season. (B) Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) plot comparing the bacterial composition of samples. The samples were grouped according to the Amazonia seasons.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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