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. 2021 Jul;7(4):1166-1171.
doi: 10.1002/vms3.457. Epub 2021 Mar 1.

Detection of peste des petits ruminants virus in pneumonic lungs from clinically apparently healthy camels slaughtered at Tambul slaughterhouse, Central Sudan

Nahid A S Abdalla  1 , Alaa E M Alhussain  1 , Sana I Mohammed  2 , Mihad Hakeem  3 , Ihsan H Ahmed  4 , Galal E Mohammed  5 , Nussieba A Osman  1
Affiliations

Detection of peste des petits ruminants virus in pneumonic lungs from clinically apparently healthy camels slaughtered at Tambul slaughterhouse, Central Sudan

Nahid A S Abdalla et al. Vet Med Sci. 2021 Jul.

Abstract

The study investigated the presence and prevalence of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) viral antigens among camels in Tambul area, Gezira State, Central Sudan, regardless of its sex, age and breed, and their possible contribution in the epidemiology of the disease in the Sudan. Hundred pneumonic lung tissues were aseptically collected from clinically apparently healthy camels showed no signs of illness at ante-mortem examination, from Tambul slaughterhouse, Tambul area, Gezira State, Central Sudan, between November and December 2018. Samples were collected based on presence of the pneumonic signs, at the tissue level, including congestion of the lungs, presence of abscesses, fragility, changes in colour and thickness of the tissue. In order to detect PPR viral antigen, haemagglutination (HA) test was employed on lung tissue homogenate, using chicken RBCs suspension, which gave a positive reaction in 17-19 min. PPRV antigen was detected in 98 of camel samples with an overall antigenic prevalence of 98%. Of note, the HA titres achievable ranged from 4 to 256 HA units (HAU) with mean titre of 14.4 HAU, whereas apparently most of the samples achieved HA titres of 8 HAU. The results demonstrated presence of PPR viral antigens associated with pneumonia in camels indicating exposure of these camels to PPRV and probably presence of subclinical infection. Infection of species other than small ruminants suggests the fact that camels are potential hosts for PPRV and might play a role (or not) in the epidemiology of the disease. Further studies are needed to demonstrate if camels are able to transmit PPRV for in-contact small ruminants or other animal species.

Keywords: Camels; PPRV; Sudan; haemagglutination test (HA); peste des petits ruminants (PPR); pneumonic lungs.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Map of the Sudan showing the study area “Tambul in Gezira State, Central Sudan”. The map was retrieved from: ©2007–2020 d‐maps.com “http://www.d‐maps.com/carte.php?num_car=1310&lang=en” with some modifications
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Haemagglutination test plate for detection of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) antigen showing positive haemagglutination (HA) result as a diffused sheet or film and negative HA result as a sharp red button of sediment red blood cells (RBCs). PPRV Control (Column 1), antigen samples (Columns 2–11) and RBCs control (Column 12), samples are in vertical position
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) antigen detected at different haemagglutination titres by haemagglutination (HA) test
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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