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. 2021 Apr;100(4):101027.
doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101027. Epub 2021 Jan 26.

ALV-J-contaminated commercial live vaccines induced pathogenicity in Three-Yellow chickens: one of the transmission routes of ALV-J to commercial chickens

Peikun Wang  1 , Min Li  2 , Haijuan Li  2 , Yuyu Bi  2 , Lulu Lin  2 , Mengya Shi  2 , Teng Huang  2 , Meilan Mo  2 , Tianchao Wei  2 , Ping Wei  3
Affiliations

ALV-J-contaminated commercial live vaccines induced pathogenicity in Three-Yellow chickens: one of the transmission routes of ALV-J to commercial chickens

Peikun Wang et al. Poult Sci. 2021 Apr.

Erratum in

Abstract

One avian leukosis virus of subgroup J (ALV-J) strain GX14YYA1 was isolated from a commercial bivalent Newcastle disease (ND)-infectious bronchitis (IB) vaccine in our previous study. To evaluate the pathogenicity of the ALV-J-contaminated vaccine on commercial chickens, day-old Three-Yellow chicks in group I were vaccinated with ALV-J-contaminated bivalent ND-IB live vaccine by intranasal and eye drop at 1-day-old for the primary vaccination and at 7-day-old for the secondary vaccination. Groups II and III were kept as the normal vaccination group with the noncontaminated ND-IB vaccine and blank control groups, respectively. The birds of different groups were maintained separately in isolators for 175 d. The first viremia was detected at 4 wk of age and 20% (2/10) of the birds maintained viremia during 11 to 25 wk of age. At the same time, the birds in group I experienced a significant suppression of body weight gain when compared with those of groups II and III (P < 0.05). In addition, the birds in group I showed obvious ALV-J hemangioma-type anatomical lesions in the liver and tumors were observed in the abdominal cavity. The results demonstrated that the ALV-J contaminated commercial live vaccines can induce pathogenicity in commercial Three-Yellow chickens and indicate that ALV-J-contaminated commercial live vaccines could be one of the transmission routes of ALV-J to commercial chickens.

Keywords: avian leukosis virus subgroup J; hemangioma; live vaccine; pathogenicity; transmission.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Viremia, PCR results, and the influence of ALV-J infection on the body weights of birds (X±SE). (A) Influence of the viral infection on the body weights of birds. Each mean body weight, followed by a different lower-case letter, was significantly different (P < 0.05) based on Duncan's multiple range test. (B) ALV-positive identification by ALV P27 antigen ELISA; an S/P value greater than or equal to 0.2 was regarded as positive. (C) PCR was used to identify the ALV-J in the samples of 10 birds. The results showed that all ALV-positive samples were ALV-J; C1-C4, PCR results of 28, 56, 77, and 175 d samples. M, DL2000 DNA marker; +, DF-1 cells infected with GX14YYA1 used as positive control; -, uninfected DF-1 cells used as a negative control; 1-10, samples. Abbreviation: ALV-J, avian leukosis virus of subgroup J.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Anatomical, histopathological lesions and sequence analysis results. (A) Hemangioma in the liver; (B) Blood cells and heterophilic lymphoid cells in the hemangioma region; (C) Tumor in the abdomen; (D) The infiltrated myelocytes that were characterized by acidophilic granules in the cytoplasm; (E) Comparison of normal (without arrow point) and abnormal testicles (with arrow point); (F) Ovaries poorly developed at 175-day-old; (G) Ovaries normally developed at 175-day-old. Similarity of nucleotide (H1) and amino acids (H2) sequences of gp85 between GX14YYA1-J3, GX14YYA1-J5 and GX14YYA1; (I) Comparison of the amino acid sequences of gp85 between GX14YYA1-J3, GX14YYA1-J5, and GX14YYA1.
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