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Review
. 2021 Feb 26;14(5):1083.
doi: 10.3390/ma14051083.

Ion-Imprinted Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorption of Radionuclides

Vipul Vilas Kusumkar  1 , Michal Galamboš  1 , Eva Viglašová  1 , Martin Daňo  2 , Jana Šmelková  3
Affiliations
Review

Ion-Imprinted Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorption of Radionuclides

Vipul Vilas Kusumkar et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

Growing concern over the hazardous effect of radionuclides on the environment is driving research on mitigation and deposition strategies for radioactive waste management. Currently, there are many techniques used for radionuclides separation from the environment such as ion exchange, solvent extraction, chemical precipitation and adsorption. Adsorbents are the leading area of research and many useful materials are being discovered in this category of radionuclide ion separation. The adsorption technologies lack the ability of selective removal of metal ions from solution. This drawback is eliminated by the use of ion-imprinted polymers, these materials having targeted binding sites for specific ions in the media. In this review article, we present recently published literature about the use of ion-imprinted polymers for the adsorption of 10 important hazardous radionuclides-U, Th, Cs, Sr, Ce, Tc, La, Cr, Ni, Co-found in the nuclear fuel cycle.

Keywords: adsorption; ion-imprinted polymers; radioactive waste; radionuclides; separation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic presentation of the procedure for the preparation of imprinted polymers.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Commonly used initiators: (a) azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), (b) azobisdimethylvaleronitrile (ABDV), (c) benzildimethyl acetal, (d) benzoyl peroxide (BPO).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic presentation of uranyl ion-imprinted nanospheres preparation from silica nanoparticles. Reprinted with permission from ref. [100], copyright 2011, Milja et al.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Schematic presentation of the preparation of ion-imprinted mesoporous silica. Reprinted with permission from ref. [103], copyright 2017, Yang et al.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Schematic presentation for the preparation of a uranyl ion-imprinted sensor: (A) surface imprinting polymerization of the U-IIP on the CPE surface (B) the synthesis of U-IIP. Reprinted with permission from ref. [105], copyright 2020, Wang et al.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Schematic presentation of the preparation of chitosan Cs+ imprinted polymer-coated whiskers. Reprinted with permission from ref. [115], copyright 2020, Othman et al.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Schematic presentation of two different Cs⁺-IIP, via RAFT polymerization techniques: (A) preparation of Cs(I)-IIP1 (B) preparation of Cs(I)-IIP2. Reprinted with permission from ref. [91], copyright 2015, Meng et al.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Schematic presentation of graphene oxide-based Sr-IIP. Reprinted with permission from [82], copyright 2015, Liu et al.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Schematic presentation of the dithiocarbomate functionalized chitosan Sr IIP preparation. Reprinted with permission from ref. [93], copyright 2015, Liu et al.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Schematic presentation for the development of the Ce4+ and Gd3+ ion-imprinted polymer-coated sensors. Reprinted with permission from ref. [130], copyright 2015, Prasad et al.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Schematic presentation of pertechnetate IIP preparation. Reprinted with permission from ref. [96], copyright 2015, Shu et al.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Schematic presentation of Co-IIP prepared from crosslinked chitosan. Reprinted with permission from ref. [154], copyright 2012, Mishad et al.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Schematic presentation of the route of preparation of Co-IIP. Reprinted with permission from ref. [95], copyright 2016, Kang et al.
Figure 14
Figure 14
The development of the Co-IIP based voltammetric sensors. Reprinted with permission from ref. [159], copyright 2017, Torkashvand et al.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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