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. 2021 Feb 26;14(5):1079.
doi: 10.3390/ma14051079.

Evaluation of Bacterial Adhesion to the ZrO2 Atomic Layer Deposited on the Surface of Cobalt-Chromium Dental Alloy Produced by DMLS Method

Anna Ziębowicz  1 , Agata Sambok-Kiełbowicz  1 , Witold Walke  1 , Aldona Mzyk  2 , Kamil Kosiel  3 , Jerzy Kubacki  4 , Bohdan Bączkowski  5 , Mirosława Pawlyta  6 , Bogusław Ziębowicz  6
Affiliations

Evaluation of Bacterial Adhesion to the ZrO2 Atomic Layer Deposited on the Surface of Cobalt-Chromium Dental Alloy Produced by DMLS Method

Anna Ziębowicz et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

The main purpose of the research was to analyze the influence of surface modification of the cobalt-based alloy used in dental prosthetics by applying zirconium oxide (ZrO2) layers using the ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) method. The samples were made using the DMLS (Direct Metal Laser Sintering) technique, and their surfaces were prepared in accordance with the principles of removable partial dentures (RPDs). A 50 nm-thick zirconium oxide coating was applied to the prepared substrates. This paper deals with the issues of prosthetic stomatopathy, which is a complex of pathological changes occurring in approx. 40% of the Polish population using removable dentures. Often, these changes, occurring on the mucosa, are related to improper performance, allergic reactions or the multiplication of bacteria on the surface of partial dentures. An innovative method of surface modification was proposed, together with the analysis of its influence on the physicochemical properties of the alloy and the adhesion of bacteria to the surface.

Keywords: ZrO2 layers; atomic layer deposition; cobalt alloy; removable partial denture.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Surface topography of the EOS CoCr removable partial denture (RPD) alloy in its initial state, three-dimensional unevenness diagram, (a–c)—examples of measure area.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Surface topography of the EOS CoCr RPD alloy with ZrO2 layer, three-dimensional unevenness diagram, (a–c)—examples of measure area.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Open circuit potential (EOCP) time variation.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Example of the polarization curves for the sample in the initial state and coated ZrO2.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Impedance spectra determined for the initial state (a) Nyquist diagram, (b) Bode diagram.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Impedance spectra determined for the samples with Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) layer (a) Nyquist diagram, (b) Bode diagram.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Impedance spectra determined for the samples: (a) initial state, (b) with ZrO2 layer.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Survey spectrum of the ZrO2 layer obtained (a) “as received” and (b) after cleaning by Ar+ ion treatment in UHV conditions.
Figure 9
Figure 9
The Zr3d doublet and O1s electronic states obtained for (a) “as received” and (b) after cleaning by Ar+ ion treatment in UHV conditions sample. The Zr3d and O1s core lines recorded for ceramic were added for comparison.
Figure 10
Figure 10
The number of S. aureus colony forming units: (a) obtained from the solution after sonication of the samples and remained on the surface of the material after sonication. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical differences: Student’s t-test, α = 0.05, (b) Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) sample—initial state, (c) DMSL sample—with ZrO2 layer (red color—adhered S. aureus bacterias).
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