Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni- Salmonella coinfection among patients in southern Ethiopia

Abstract

Concurrent infection with Schistosoma mansoni and Salmonella species is not uncommon in the endemic area of sub-Saharan Africa, although its prevalence may have regional variations. We discuss such coinfection and associated factors in an Ethiopian context. We assessed the prevalence of S. mansoni and Salmonella coinfections among patients attending two hospitals in southern Ethiopia. A facility-based cross-sectional study was carried out between 1 October and 30 November 2019. In total 271 participants with gastrointestinal complaints were selected through a systematic sampling technique. S. mansoni was detected using direct microscopy and formalin-ether concentration techniques, whereas Salmonella was identified by conventional culture methods and the Widal test. Antibiotic susceptibility test for Salmonella isolates was performed. The prevalence rates of S. mansoni and Salmonella infections were 17.30% and 7.70% respectively. The prevalence of S. mansoni-Salmonella coinfection was 7.7%. Of the factors analysed in connection with coinfection, male sex, age and frequency of exposure to contaminated water bodies were found to be statistically significant. S. mansoni-Salmonella coinfections pose a grave health problem in the study area, especially among children. Our conclusions can be used by the medical community to frame and implement intervention strategies for the management of S. mansoni-Salmonella coinfections.

Keywords: Coinfection; Ethiopia; Salmonella spp.; Schistosoma mansoni; jinka; salmonellosis; schistosomiasis.

Fig. 1

Distribution of Schistosoma mansoni, Salmonella and their coinfection in relation to health institutions. Out of 47 intestinal schistosomiasis patients, 37 (78.70%) were from Jinka General Hospital and ten (21.30%) were from Jinka Millennium Health Center. Results demonstrated that of 21 Salmonella-positive patients, 15 (71.40%) were from Jinka General Hospital and six (28.57%) were from Jinka Millennium Health Center. Number of coinfected patients was 15 from Jinka General Hospital and 6 from Jinka Millennium Health Center.