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Review
. 2021 Feb 25;4(1):2-50.
doi: 10.1089/nsm.2020.0003. eCollection 2021 Feb.

An Early Stage Researcher's Primer on Systems Medicine Terminology

Massimiliano Zanin  1 , Nadim A A Aitya  2 , José Basilio  3 , Jan Baumbach  4 , Arriel Benis  5 , Chandan K Behera  2 , Magda Bucholc  2 , Filippo Castiglione  6 , Ioanna Chouvarda  7 , Blandine Comte  8 , Tien-Tuan Dao  9   10 , Xuemei Ding  2 , Estelle Pujos-Guillot  8 , Nenad Filipovic  11   12   13 , David P Finn  14 , David H Glass  15 , Nissim Harel  16 , Tomas Iesmantas  17 , Ilinka Ivanoska  18 , Alok Joshi  2 , Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia  19 , Badr Kaoui  9   10 , Daman Kaur  20 , Liam P Maguire  2 , Paula L McClean  20 , Niamh McCombe  2 , João Luís de Miranda  21   22 , Mihnea Alexandru Moisescu  23 , Francesco Pappalardo  24 , Annikka Polster  25 , Girijesh Prasad  2 , Damjana Rozman  26 , Ioan Sacala  23 , Jose M Sanchez-Bornot  2 , Johannes A Schmid  3 , Trevor Sharp  27 , Jordi Solé-Casals  28   29   30 , Vojtěch Spiwok  31 , George M Spyrou  32 , Egils Stalidzans  33 , Blaž Stres  34   35   36 , Tijana Sustersic  11   12   13 , Ioannis Symeonidis  37 , Paolo Tieri  6 , Stephen Todd  38 , Kristel Van Steen  39   40 , Milena Veneva  41 , Da-Hui Wang  42 , Haiying Wang  15 , Hui Wang  15 , Steven Watterson  43 , KongFatt Wong-Lin  2 , Su Yang  2 , Xin Zou  44 , Harald H H W Schmidt  45
Affiliations
Review

An Early Stage Researcher's Primer on Systems Medicine Terminology

Massimiliano Zanin et al. Netw Syst Med. .

Abstract

Background: Systems Medicine is a novel approach to medicine, that is, an interdisciplinary field that considers the human body as a system, composed of multiple parts and of complex relationships at multiple levels, and further integrated into an environment. Exploring Systems Medicine implies understanding and combining concepts coming from diametral different fields, including medicine, biology, statistics, modeling and simulation, and data science. Such heterogeneity leads to semantic issues, which may slow down implementation and fruitful interaction between these highly diverse fields. Methods: In this review, we collect and explain more than100 terms related to Systems Medicine. These include both modeling and data science terms and basic systems medicine terms, along with some synthetic definitions, examples of applications, and lists of relevant references. Results: This glossary aims at being a first aid kit for the Systems Medicine researcher facing an unfamiliar term, where he/she can get a first understanding of them, and, more importantly, examples and references for digging into the topic.

Keywords: multiscale data science; multiscale modeling; systems medicine.

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Conflict of interest statement

No competing financial interests exist.

Figures

FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
Graphical representation of ANN. ANN, artificial neural network.
FIG. 2.
FIG. 2.
Example of a simple decision tree model, trained to choose between two treatments as a function of the age and sex of the patient.
FIG. 3.
FIG. 3.
Deep-learning system developed for human face recognition. Source: https://www.quora.com/What-do-you-think-of-Deep-Learning-2
FIG. 4.
FIG. 4.
Schematic representation of a DPD model. DPD, dissipative particle dynamics.
FIG. 5.
FIG. 5.
Schematic representation of an FEM model. FEM, finite element method.
FIG. 6.
FIG. 6.
Schematic representation of an FVM model. FVM, finite volume method.
FIG. 7.
FIG. 7.
Graphical representation of the LB method. LB, Lattice Boltzmann.
FIG. 8.
FIG. 8.
Example of a graphical representation of a multilayer network composed of three layers.
FIG. 9.
FIG. 9.
Graphical representation of the typical scales in a multiscale modeling.
FIG. 10.
FIG. 10.
Example of two phase transitions, a first-order (red solid line) and a second-order one (dashed blue line).
FIG. 11.
FIG. 11.
Example of the creation of a small-world network.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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