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. 2021 May;152(3):523-531.
doi: 10.1007/s11060-021-03720-y. Epub 2021 Mar 4.

Fluid attenuation in non-contrast-enhancing tumor (nCET): an MRI Marker for Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation in Glioblastoma

Sohil H Patel  1 , Prem P Batchala  2 , Thomas J Eluvathingal Muttikkal  2 , Sergio S Ferrante  2 , James T Patrie  3 , Camilo E Fadul  4 , David Schiff  4 , M Beatriz Lopes  5 , Rajan Jain  6   7
Affiliations

Fluid attenuation in non-contrast-enhancing tumor (nCET): an MRI Marker for Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation in Glioblastoma

Sohil H Patel et al. J Neurooncol. 2021 May.

Abstract

Purpose: The WHO 2016 update classifies glioblastomas (WHO grade IV) according to isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene mutation status. We aimed to determine MRI-based metrics for predicting IDH mutation in glioblastoma.

Methods: This retrospective study included glioblastoma cases (n = 199) with known IDH mutation status and pre-operative MRI (T1WI, T2WI, FLAIR, contrast-enhanced T1W1 at minimum). Two neuroradiologists determined the following MRI metrics: (1) primary lobe of involvement (frontal or non-frontal); (2) presence/absence of contrast-enhancement; (3) presence/absence of necrosis; (4) presence/absence of fluid attenuation in the non-contrast-enhancing tumor (nCET); (5) maximum width of peritumoral edema (cm); (6) presence/absence of multifocal disease. Inter-reader agreement was determined. After resolving discordant measurements, multivariate association between consensus MRI metrics/patient age and IDH mutation status was determined.

Results: Among 199 glioblastomas, 16 were IDH-mutant. Inter-reader agreement was calculated for contrast-enhancement (ĸ = 0.49 [- 0.11-1.00]), necrosis (ĸ = 0.55 [0.34-0.76]), fluid attenuation in nCET (ĸ = 0.83 [0.68-0.99]), multifocal disease (ĸ = 0.55 [0.39-0.70]), and primary lobe (ĸ = 0.85 [0.80-0.91]). Mean difference for peritumoral edema width between readers was 0.3 cm [0.2-0.5], p < 0.001. Multivariate analysis uncovered significant associations between IDH-mutation and fluid attenuation in nCET (OR 82.9 [19.22, ∞], p < 0.001), younger age (OR 0.93 [0.86, 0.98], p = 0.009), frontal lobe location (OR 11.08 [1.14, 352.97], p = 0.037), and less peritumoral edema (OR 0.15 [0, 0.65], p = 0.044).

Conclusions: Conventional MRI metrics and patient age predict IDH-mutation status in glioblastoma. Among MRI markers, fluid attenuation in nCET represents a novel marker with high inter-reader agreement that is strongly associated with Glioblastoma, IDH-mutant.

Keywords: Fluid-attenuation; Glioblastoma; Isocitrate dehydrogenase; MRI; Non-contrast-enhancing tumor; T2-FLAIR mismatch.

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