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. 2021 Mar 5;70(9):304-307.
doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7009a2.

Giardiasis Outbreaks - United States, 2012-2017

Erin E Conners, Allison D Miller, Neha Balachandran, Brittany M Robinson, Katharine M Benedict

Giardiasis Outbreaks - United States, 2012-2017

Erin E Conners et al. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. .
No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Reported giardiasis outbreaks (N = 111), by jurisdiction — National Outbreak Reporting System, United States, 2012–2017 Abbreviations: DC = District of Columbia; PR = Puerto Rico. * These numbers are dependent on reporting requirements and public health capacity, which vary across jurisdictions and do not necessarily indicate the actual occurrence of giardiasis outbreaks in a given jurisdiction.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Reported giardiasis outbreaks (N = 111), by mode of transmission and year of earliest illness onset date — United States, 2012–2017 * Transmission modes were categorized as follows: indeterminate/unknown if evidence to implicate one specific primary mode of transmission was insufficient; person-to-person if transmission occurred from direct contact with an infected person, their body fluids, or by contact with the local environment where the exposed person was present; foodborne if transmitted through consumption of contaminated food or non-water beverages; waterborne if transmission occurred via ingestion, inhalation, contact, or another exposure to water (e.g., treated or untreated recreational water, drinking water [including bottled water], or an environmental or indeterminate water source). There were no outbreaks attributed to animal contact or environmental contamination other than food and water (https://www.cdc.gov/nors/forms.html).
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